Details

analyze2.0s (18.8%)

Algorithm

1×

Search

True	Other	False	Iter
0%	99.7%	0.3%	0
0%	99.7%	0.3%	1
0%	99.7%	0.3%	2
0%	99.7%	0.3%	3
0%	99.7%	0.3%	4
0%	99.7%	0.3%	5
0%	99.7%	0.3%	6
0%	99.7%	0.3%	7
0%	99.7%	0.3%	8
0%	99.7%	0.3%	9
0%	99.7%	0.3%	10
0%	99.7%	0.3%	11
0%	99.7%	0.3%	12
0%	99.7%	0.3%	13
0%	99.7%	0.3%	14

Compiler

Compiled 27 to 19 computations (29.6% saved)

sample2.3s (21.1%)

Symmetry

(sort x y)

(sort t a)

Results

1.3s	8256×	body	128	valid
848.0ms	4968×	body	128	invalid

Compiler

Compiled 80 to 56 computations (30% saved)

simplify61.0ms (0.6%)

Algorithm

1×	egg-herbie

Rules

828×	`fma-def_binary64`
568×	`div-sub_binary64`
502×	`associate-/r/_binary64`
476×	`distribute-neg-frac_binary64`
465×	`cancel-sign-sub-inv_binary64`

Counts

1 → 2

Iterations

Useful iterations: 5 (0.0ms)

Iter	Nodes	Cost
0	19	28
1	42	28
2	116	24
3	352	24
4	880	23
5	2041	21
6	4154	21
7	4365	21
8	4941	21

prune5.0ms (0%)

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 0 done)

	Kept	Total
New	2	2
Fresh	1	1
Picked	0	0
Done	0	0
Total	3	3

Error

7.6b

Counts

3 → 2

Alt Table

Status	Error	Program
	22.7b	(/.f64 (+.f64 (-.f64 (.f64 (.f64 x 9) y) (.f64 (.f64 (.f64 z 4) t) a)) b) (.f64 z c))
▶	13.5b	(/.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)) c)

Compiler

Compiled 137 to 92 computations (32.8% saved)

localize11.0ms (0.1%)

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

New	Error	Program
✓	0.1b	(fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b)
✓	0.2b	(fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))
✓	3.4b	(/.f64 (fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b) z)
✓	9.3b	(/.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)) c)

series145.0ms (1.3%)

Counts

4 → 240

Calls

4 calls:

82.0ms	(/.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)) c)
38.0ms	(fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))
18.0ms	(/.f64 (fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b) z)
6.0ms	(fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b)

rewrite8.0ms (0.1%)

Algorithm

1×	rewrite-expression-head

Rules

20×	`*-un-lft-identity_binary64`
20×	`add-sqr-sqrt_binary64`
20×	`add-cube-cbrt_binary64`
18×	`times-frac_binary64`
8×	`add-cbrt-cube_binary64`

Counts

4 → 78

Calls

4 calls:

2.0ms	(/.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)) c)
2.0ms	(/.f64 (fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b) z)
0.0ms	(fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))
0.0ms	(fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b)

simplify219.0ms (2%)

Algorithm

1×	egg-herbie

Rules

913×	`div-sub_binary64`
630×	`fma-def_binary64`
477×	`fma-neg_binary64`
332×	`associate-/l/_binary64`
274×	`distribute-rgt-in_binary64`

Counts

318 → 171

Iterations

Useful iterations: 3 (0.0ms)

Iter	Nodes	Cost
0	151	6685
1	296	6160
2	725	5908
3	1995	5341
4	4278	5341
5	6463	5341

prune156.0ms (1.4%)

Pruning

13 alts after pruning (13 fresh and 0 done)

	Pruned	Kept	Total
New	159	12	171
Fresh	0	1	1
Picked	1	0	1
Done	0	0	0
Total	160	13	173

Error

6.8b

Counts

173 → 13

Alt Table

Status	Error	Program
	14.2b	(/.f64 (.f64 (cbrt.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))) (cbrt.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)))) (/.f64 c (cbrt.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b) z)))))
	33.6b	(/.f64 (fma.f64 9 (/.f64 (*.f64 y x) z) (/.f64 b z)) c)
	22.7b	(/.f64 (+.f64 (-.f64 (.f64 (.f64 x 9) y) (.f64 (.f64 (.f64 z 4) t) a)) b) (.f64 z c))
▶	13.5b	(.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b) z)) (/.f64 1 c))
	35.7b	(.f64 (sqrt.f64 (fma.f64 a (.f64 t -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 9 (.f64 y x) b) z))) (/.f64 (sqrt.f64 (fma.f64 a (.f64 t -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 9 (*.f64 y x) b) z))) c))
	32.9b	(/.f64 (+.f64 (.f64 9 (.f64 y x)) b) (*.f64 c z))
	37.2b	(/.f64 (/.f64 (fma.f64 a (.f64 t -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 9 (.f64 y x) b) z)) (sqrt.f64 c)) (sqrt.f64 c))
	14.2b	(.f64 (/.f64 (.f64 (cbrt.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))) (cbrt.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)))) 1) (/.f64 (cbrt.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))) c))
	13.6b	(/.f64 1 (/.f64 c (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))))
	44.4b	(/.f64 b (*.f64 c z))
	49.2b	(.f64 9 (/.f64 (.f64 y x) (*.f64 c z)))
	41.1b	(.f64 -4 (/.f64 (.f64 a t) c))
	37.7b	(.f64 (sqrt.f64 (/.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)) c)) (sqrt.f64 (/.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b) z)) c)))

Compiler

Compiled 4606 to 2520 computations (45.3% saved)

localize13.0ms (0.1%)

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

New	Error	Program
	0.1b	(fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b)
	0.2b	(fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))
	3.4b	(/.f64 (fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b) z)
✓	9.4b	(.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b) z)) (/.f64 1 c))

series89.0ms (0.8%)

Counts

1 → 84

Calls

1 calls:

89.0ms

(*.f64 (fma.f64 t (*.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b) z)) (/.f64 1 c))

rewrite8.0ms (0.1%)

Algorithm

1×	rewrite-expression-head

Rules

16×	`add-sqr-sqrt_binary64`
13×	`associate-r_binary64`
11×	`times-frac_binary64`
10×	`*-un-lft-identity_binary64`
10×	`add-exp-log_binary64`

Counts

1 → 38

Calls

1 calls:

5.0ms

(*.f64 (fma.f64 t (*.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b) z)) (/.f64 1 c))

simplify85.0ms (0.8%)

Algorithm

1×	egg-herbie

Rules

893×	`fma-def_binary64`
740×	`distribute-rgt-in_binary64`
236×	`associate-l_binary64`
202×	`associate-r_binary64`
162×	`fma-neg_binary64`

Counts

122 → 78

Iterations

Useful iterations: 3 (0.0ms)

Iter	Nodes	Cost
0	100	3557
1	231	3078
2	599	2942
3	1901	2744
4	5182	2744

prune160.0ms (1.5%)

Pruning

13 alts after pruning (13 fresh and 0 done)

	Pruned	Kept	Total
New	180	1	181
Fresh	0	12	12
Picked	1	0	1
Done	0	0	0
Total	181	13	194

Error

6.8b

Counts

194 → 13

Alt Table

Status	Error	Program
	14.2b	(/.f64 (.f64 (cbrt.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))) (cbrt.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)))) (/.f64 c (cbrt.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b) z)))))
	33.6b	(/.f64 (fma.f64 9 (/.f64 (*.f64 y x) z) (/.f64 b z)) c)
	35.7b	(.f64 (sqrt.f64 (fma.f64 a (.f64 t -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 9 (.f64 y x) b) z))) (/.f64 (sqrt.f64 (fma.f64 a (.f64 t -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 9 (*.f64 y x) b) z))) c))
	32.9b	(/.f64 (+.f64 (.f64 9 (.f64 y x)) b) (*.f64 c z))
	37.2b	(/.f64 (/.f64 (fma.f64 a (.f64 t -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 9 (.f64 y x) b) z)) (sqrt.f64 c)) (sqrt.f64 c))
	14.2b	(.f64 (/.f64 (.f64 (cbrt.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))) (cbrt.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)))) 1) (/.f64 (cbrt.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))) c))
	22.7b	(/.f64 (+.f64 (-.f64 (.f64 (.f64 x 9) y) (.f64 (.f64 (.f64 z 4) t) a)) b) (.f64 z c))
▶	13.6b	(/.f64 1 (/.f64 c (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))))
	24.7b	(.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 b z)) (/.f64 1 c))
	44.4b	(/.f64 b (*.f64 c z))
	49.2b	(.f64 9 (/.f64 (.f64 y x) (*.f64 c z)))
	41.1b	(.f64 -4 (/.f64 (.f64 a t) c))
	37.7b	(.f64 (sqrt.f64 (/.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)) c)) (sqrt.f64 (/.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b) z)) c)))

Compiler

Compiled 4973 to 2886 computations (42% saved)

localize13.0ms (0.1%)

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

New	Error	Program
	0.2b	(fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))
✓	0.3b	(/.f64 1 (/.f64 c (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))))
	3.4b	(/.f64 (fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b) z)
✓	9.3b	(/.f64 c (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)))

series379.0ms (3.5%)

Counts

2 → 168

Calls

2 calls:

296.0ms	(/.f64 c (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)))
83.0ms	(/.f64 1 (/.f64 c (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))))

rewrite18.0ms (0.2%)

Algorithm

1×	rewrite-expression-head

Rules

84×	`times-frac_binary64`
52×	`*-un-lft-identity_binary64`
52×	`add-sqr-sqrt_binary64`
52×	`add-cube-cbrt_binary64`
16×	`associate-/r*_binary64`

Counts

2 → 107

Calls

2 calls:

4.0ms	(/.f64 1 (/.f64 c (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))))
2.0ms	(/.f64 c (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)))

simplify223.0ms (2.1%)

Algorithm

1×	egg-herbie

Rules

795×	`times-frac_binary64`
466×	`associate-/r*_binary64`
436×	`associate-/l*_binary64`
295×	`fma-def_binary64`
167×	`*-commutative_binary64`

Counts

275 → 213

Iterations

Useful iterations: 1 (0.0ms)

Iter	Nodes	Cost
0	532	14808
1	1616	14085
2	5455	14085

prune335.0ms (3.1%)

Pruning

15 alts after pruning (14 fresh and 1 done)

	Pruned	Kept	Total
New	292	3	295
Fresh	1	11	12
Picked	0	1	1
Done	0	0	0
Total	293	15	308

Error

6.8b

Counts

308 → 15

Alt Table

Status	Error	Program
	14.2b	(/.f64 (.f64 (cbrt.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))) (cbrt.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)))) (/.f64 c (cbrt.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b) z)))))
	33.6b	(/.f64 (fma.f64 9 (/.f64 (*.f64 y x) z) (/.f64 b z)) c)
	24.8b	(/.f64 1 (/.f64 c (fma.f64 t (*.f64 a -4) (/.f64 b z))))
	44.7b	(/.f64 1 (/.f64 c (/.f64 b z)))
	35.7b	(.f64 (sqrt.f64 (fma.f64 a (.f64 t -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 9 (.f64 y x) b) z))) (/.f64 (sqrt.f64 (fma.f64 a (.f64 t -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 9 (*.f64 y x) b) z))) c))
	32.9b	(/.f64 (+.f64 (.f64 9 (.f64 y x)) b) (*.f64 c z))
▶	13.6b	(/.f64 (/.f64 1 c) (/.f64 1 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))))
	44.4b	(/.f64 b (*.f64 c z))
	22.7b	(/.f64 (+.f64 (-.f64 (.f64 (.f64 x 9) y) (.f64 (.f64 (.f64 z 4) t) a)) b) (.f64 z c))
✓	13.6b	(/.f64 1 (/.f64 c (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))))
	24.7b	(.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 b z)) (/.f64 1 c))
	49.2b	(.f64 9 (/.f64 (.f64 y x) (*.f64 c z)))
	37.2b	(/.f64 (/.f64 (fma.f64 a (.f64 t -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 9 (.f64 y x) b) z)) (sqrt.f64 c)) (sqrt.f64 c))
	41.1b	(.f64 -4 (/.f64 (.f64 a t) c))
	37.7b	(.f64 (sqrt.f64 (/.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)) c)) (sqrt.f64 (/.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b) z)) c)))

Compiler

Compiled 12830 to 7294 computations (43.1% saved)

localize14.0ms (0.1%)

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

New	Error	Program
	0.2b	(fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))
✓	0.8b	(/.f64 1 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)))
	3.4b	(/.f64 (fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b) z)
✓	8.6b	(/.f64 (/.f64 1 c) (/.f64 1 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))))

series281.0ms (2.6%)

Counts

2 → 156

Calls

2 calls:

200.0ms	(/.f64 1 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)))
80.0ms	(/.f64 (/.f64 1 c) (/.f64 1 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))))

rewrite60.0ms (0.6%)

Algorithm

1×	rewrite-expression-head

Rules

430×	`times-frac_binary64`
206×	`*-un-lft-identity_binary64`
206×	`add-sqr-sqrt_binary64`
206×	`add-cube-cbrt_binary64`
46×	`add-exp-log_binary64`

Counts

2 → 262

Calls

2 calls:

8.0ms	(/.f64 (/.f64 1 c) (/.f64 1 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))))
2.0ms	(/.f64 1 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)))

simplify342.0ms (3.2%)

Algorithm

1×	egg-herbie

Rules

650×	`times-frac_binary64`
473×	`associate-/r*_binary64`
418×	`associate-/l*_binary64`
317×	`fma-def_binary64`
134×	`*-commutative_binary64`

Counts

418 → 362

Iterations

Useful iterations: 1 (0.0ms)

Iter	Nodes	Cost
0	534	21394
1	1644	20065
2	4973	20065
3	4975	20065

prune492.0ms (4.5%)

Pruning

16 alts after pruning (14 fresh and 2 done)

	Pruned	Kept	Total
New	443	1	444
Fresh	0	13	13
Picked	0	1	1
Done	0	1	1
Total	443	16	459

Error

6.8b

Counts

459 → 16

Alt Table

Status	Error	Program
	14.2b	(/.f64 (.f64 (cbrt.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))) (cbrt.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)))) (/.f64 c (cbrt.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b) z)))))
	33.6b	(/.f64 (fma.f64 9 (/.f64 (*.f64 y x) z) (/.f64 b z)) c)
	24.7b	(.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 b z)) (/.f64 1 c))
	44.7b	(/.f64 (/.f64 1 c) (/.f64 z b))
	24.8b	(/.f64 1 (/.f64 c (fma.f64 t (*.f64 a -4) (/.f64 b z))))
	44.7b	(/.f64 1 (/.f64 c (/.f64 b z)))
	35.7b	(.f64 (sqrt.f64 (fma.f64 a (.f64 t -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 9 (.f64 y x) b) z))) (/.f64 (sqrt.f64 (fma.f64 a (.f64 t -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 9 (*.f64 y x) b) z))) c))
	32.9b	(/.f64 (+.f64 (.f64 9 (.f64 y x)) b) (*.f64 c z))
✓	13.6b	(/.f64 (/.f64 1 c) (/.f64 1 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))))
	44.4b	(/.f64 b (*.f64 c z))
	22.7b	(/.f64 (+.f64 (-.f64 (.f64 (.f64 x 9) y) (.f64 (.f64 (.f64 z 4) t) a)) b) (.f64 z c))
✓	13.6b	(/.f64 1 (/.f64 c (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z))))
	49.2b	(.f64 9 (/.f64 (.f64 y x) (*.f64 c z)))
	37.2b	(/.f64 (/.f64 (fma.f64 a (.f64 t -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 9 (.f64 y x) b) z)) (sqrt.f64 c)) (sqrt.f64 c))
	41.1b	(.f64 -4 (/.f64 (.f64 a t) c))
	37.7b	(.f64 (sqrt.f64 (/.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (.f64 9 y) b) z)) c)) (sqrt.f64 (/.f64 (fma.f64 t (.f64 a -4) (/.f64 (fma.f64 x (*.f64 9 y) b) z)) c)))

Compiler

Compiled 19089 to 11938 computations (37.5% saved)

regimes2.8s (25.5%)

Accuracy

Total 1.9b remaining (24.1%)

Threshold costs 0b (0%)

Counts

114 → 5

Compiler

Compiled 30992 to 21836 computations (29.5% saved)

bsearch5.0ms (0%)

Compiler: Compiled 26 to 18 computations (30.8% saved)

simplify13.0ms (0.1%)

Algorithm

1×	egg-herbie

Rules

20×	`*-commutative_binary64`
11×	`+-commutative_binary64`
10×	`distribute-rgt-neg-in_binary64`
10×	`sub-neg_binary64`
9×	`distribute-lft-neg-in_binary64`

Iterations

Useful iterations: 0 (0.0ms)

Iter	Nodes	Cost
0	52	255
1	76	255
2	97	255
3	120	255
4	133	255
5	139	255
6	140	255
7	138	255

end616.0ms (5.7%)

Compiler: Compiled 1458 to 899 computations (38.3% saved)

Details

analyze2.0s (18.8%)

sample2.3s (21.1%)

simplify61.0ms (0.6%)

prune5.0ms (0%)

localize11.0ms (0.1%)

series145.0ms (1.3%)

rewrite8.0ms (0.1%)

simplify219.0ms (2%)

prune156.0ms (1.4%)

localize13.0ms (0.1%)

series89.0ms (0.8%)

rewrite8.0ms (0.1%)

simplify85.0ms (0.8%)

prune160.0ms (1.5%)

localize13.0ms (0.1%)

series379.0ms (3.5%)

rewrite18.0ms (0.2%)

simplify223.0ms (2.1%)

prune335.0ms (3.1%)

localize14.0ms (0.1%)

series281.0ms (2.6%)

rewrite60.0ms (0.6%)

simplify342.0ms (3.2%)

prune492.0ms (4.5%)

regimes2.8s (25.5%)

bsearch5.0ms (0%)

simplify13.0ms (0.1%)

end616.0ms (5.7%)

Profiling