Toniolo and Linder, Equation (10+)

Average Error: 32.3 → 9.6

Time: 17.0s

Precision: binary64

Math

\[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]

↓

\[\begin{array}{l} t_1 := 2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t \leq -3.85670269519708 \cdot 10^{-32}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\left(t \cdot \frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot t_1}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \leq 1.8046842859133757 \cdot 10^{-101}:\\ \;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l} t_2 := {\sin k}^{2}\\ \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \frac{t_2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\cos k}, \frac{t_2 \cdot \left(k \cdot k\right)}{\cos k}\right)}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \end{array}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(t \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot t_1\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  2.0
  (*
   (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k))
   (+ (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))

↓

(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (+ 2.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0))))
   (if (<= t -3.85670269519708e-32)
     (/ 2.0 (/ (* (* (* t (/ (* t (sin k)) l)) (tan k)) t_1) (/ l t)))
     (if (<= t 1.8046842859133757e-101)
       (let* ((t_2 (pow (sin k) 2.0)))
         (/
          2.0
          (/
           (/
            (fma 2.0 (/ (* t_2 (* t t)) (cos k)) (/ (* t_2 (* k k)) (cos k)))
            l)
           (/ l t))))
       (/ 2.0 (/ (* (* t (* (sin k) (/ t l))) (* (tan k) t_1)) (/ l t)))))))

C

double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + pow((k / t), 2.0)) + 1.0));
}

↓

double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	double t_1 = 2.0 + pow((k / t), 2.0);
	double tmp;
	if (t <= -3.85670269519708e-32) {
		tmp = 2.0 / ((((t * ((t * sin(k)) / l)) * tan(k)) * t_1) / (l / t));
	} else if (t <= 1.8046842859133757e-101) {
		double t_2 = pow(sin(k), 2.0);
		tmp = 2.0 / ((fma(2.0, ((t_2 * (t * t)) / cos(k)), ((t_2 * (k * k)) / cos(k))) / l) / (l / t));
	} else {
		tmp = 2.0 / (((t * (sin(k) * (t / l))) * (tan(k) * t_1)) / (l / t));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Error

Bits error versus t

Bits error versus l

Bits error versus k

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if t < -3.8567026951970798e-32

   1. Initial program 22.4

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]

   2. Simplified 22.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]

   3. Applied unpow3_binary64 22.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot t}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

   4. Applied times-frac_binary64 15.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

   5. Applied associate-*l*_binary64 13.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

   6. Applied associate-/l*_binary64 8.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

   7. Applied associate-*l/_binary64 6.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

   8. Applied associate-*l/_binary64 4.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

   9. Applied associate-*l/_binary64 3.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}} \]

   10. Taylor expanded in t around 0 3.4

       \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \]

   if -3.8567026951970798e-32 < t < 1.8046842859133757e-101

   1. Initial program 56.5

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]

   2. Simplified 56.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]

   3. Applied unpow3_binary64 56.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot t}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

   4. Applied times-frac_binary64 47.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

   5. Applied associate-*l*_binary64 46.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

   6. Applied associate-/l*_binary64 39.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

   7. Applied associate-*l/_binary64 39.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

   8. Applied associate-*l/_binary64 40.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

   9. Applied associate-*l/_binary64 37.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}} \]

   10. Taylor expanded in l around inf 22.1

       \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \frac{{t}^{2} \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k} + \frac{{k}^{2} \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}{\ell}}}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \]

   11. Simplified 22.1

       \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \frac{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\cos k}, \frac{\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}\right)}{\ell}}}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \]

   if 1.8046842859133757e-101 < t

   1. Initial program 23.0

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]

   2. Simplified 23.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]

   3. Applied unpow3_binary64 23.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot t}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

   4. Applied times-frac_binary64 17.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

   5. Applied associate-*l*_binary64 14.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

   6. Applied associate-/l*_binary64 9.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

   7. Applied associate-*l/_binary64 8.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

   8. Applied associate-*l/_binary64 6.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

   9. Applied associate-*l/_binary64 5.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}} \]

   10. Applied associate-*l*_binary64 5.7

       \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 9.6

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq -3.85670269519708 \cdot 10^{-32}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\left(t \cdot \frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \leq 1.8046842859133757 \cdot 10^{-101}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \frac{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)}{\cos k}, \frac{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot \left(k \cdot k\right)}{\cos k}\right)}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(t \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}\\ \end{array} \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2022081 
(FPCore (t l k)
  :name "Toniolo and Linder, Equation (10+)"
  :precision binary64
  (/ 2.0 (* (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))