Average Error: 14.6 → 0.0
Time: 1.2s
Precision: binary64
\[\frac{x}{x \cdot x + 1} \]
↓
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.373151927776153 \cdot 10^{+32} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 3230124954658.707\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, 1\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
\frac{x}{x \cdot x + 1}
↓
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.373151927776153 \cdot 10^{+32} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 3230124954658.707\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{1}{x}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, 1\right)}\\


\end{array}

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ x (+ (* x x) 1.0)))
↓
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= x -1.373151927776153e+32) (not (<= x 3230124954658.707)))
   (/ 1.0 x)
   (/ x (fma x x 1.0))))
double code(double x) {
	return x / ((x * x) + 1.0);
}
↓
double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if ((x <= -1.373151927776153e+32) || !(x <= 3230124954658.707)) {
		tmp = 1.0 / x;
	} else {
		tmp = x / fma(x, x, 1.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Error

Bits error versus x

Target

Original14.6
Target0.1
Herbie0.0
\[\frac{1}{x + \frac{1}{x}} \]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes

  2. if x < -1.37315192777615292e32 or 3230124954658.707 < x

    1. Initial program 31.7

      \[\frac{x}{x \cdot x + 1} \]

    2. Simplified31.7

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, 1\right)}} \]

    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x}} \]

    if -1.37315192777615292e32 < x < 3230124954658.707

    1. Initial program 0.0

      \[\frac{x}{x \cdot x + 1} \]

    2. Simplified0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, 1\right)}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

  4. Final simplification0.0

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.373151927776153 \cdot 10^{+32} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 3230124954658.707\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, 1\right)}\\ \end{array} \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2022077 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "x / (x^2 + 1)"
  :precision binary64

  :herbie-target
  (/ 1.0 (+ x (/ 1.0 x)))

  (/ x (+ (* x x) 1.0)))