_divideComplex, real part

Average Error: 24.6 → 9.8

Time: 11.1s

Precision: binary64

Math

\[\frac{x.re \cdot y.re + x.im \cdot y.im}{y.re \cdot y.re + y.im \cdot y.im} \]

↓

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y.im}{y.re}, x.im, x.re\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;y.re \leq -2.1840157650846506 \cdot 10^{+101}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-t_0}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y.re \leq -3.6283479029046922 \cdot 10^{-140}:\\ \;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l} t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(y.im, y.im, y.re \cdot y.re\right)\\ \mathsf{fma}\left(x.im, \frac{y.im}{t_1}, \frac{y.re \cdot x.re}{t_1}\right) \end{array}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y.re \leq 8.272481472784187 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{x.re}{y.im}, \frac{y.re}{y.im}, \frac{x.im}{y.im}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y.re \leq 1.7908903707439708 \cdot 10^{+98}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, y.im \cdot x.im\right)}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t_0}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x.re x.im y.re y.im)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (* x.re y.re) (* x.im y.im)) (+ (* y.re y.re) (* y.im y.im))))

↓

(FPCore (x.re x.im y.re y.im)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (fma (/ y.im y.re) x.im x.re)))
   (if (<= y.re -2.1840157650846506e+101)
     (/ (- t_0) (hypot y.im y.re))
     (if (<= y.re -3.6283479029046922e-140)
       (let* ((t_1 (fma y.im y.im (* y.re y.re))))
         (fma x.im (/ y.im t_1) (/ (* y.re x.re) t_1)))
       (if (<= y.re 8.272481472784187e-130)
         (fma (/ x.re y.im) (/ y.re y.im) (/ x.im y.im))
         (if (<= y.re 1.7908903707439708e+98)
           (/
            (/ (fma x.re y.re (* y.im x.im)) (hypot y.im y.re))
            (hypot y.im y.re))
           (/ t_0 (hypot y.im y.re))))))))

C

double code(double x_46_re, double x_46_im, double y_46_re, double y_46_im) {
	return ((x_46_re * y_46_re) + (x_46_im * y_46_im)) / ((y_46_re * y_46_re) + (y_46_im * y_46_im));
}

↓

double code(double x_46_re, double x_46_im, double y_46_re, double y_46_im) {
	double t_0 = fma((y_46_im / y_46_re), x_46_im, x_46_re);
	double tmp;
	if (y_46_re <= -2.1840157650846506e+101) {
		tmp = -t_0 / hypot(y_46_im, y_46_re);
	} else if (y_46_re <= -3.6283479029046922e-140) {
		double t_1 = fma(y_46_im, y_46_im, (y_46_re * y_46_re));
		tmp = fma(x_46_im, (y_46_im / t_1), ((y_46_re * x_46_re) / t_1));
	} else if (y_46_re <= 8.272481472784187e-130) {
		tmp = fma((x_46_re / y_46_im), (y_46_re / y_46_im), (x_46_im / y_46_im));
	} else if (y_46_re <= 1.7908903707439708e+98) {
		tmp = (fma(x_46_re, y_46_re, (y_46_im * x_46_im)) / hypot(y_46_im, y_46_re)) / hypot(y_46_im, y_46_re);
	} else {
		tmp = t_0 / hypot(y_46_im, y_46_re);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Error

Bits error versus x.re

Bits error versus x.im

Bits error versus y.re

Bits error versus y.im

Derivation

1. Split input into 5 regimes

2. if y.re < -2.18401576508465057e101

   1. Initial program 39.4

      \[\frac{x.re \cdot y.re + x.im \cdot y.im}{y.re \cdot y.re + y.im \cdot y.im} \]

   2. Simplified 39.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}} \]

   3. Applied add-sqr-sqrt_binary64 39.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}}} \]

   4. Applied *-un-lft-identity_binary64 39.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}} \]

   5. Applied times-frac_binary64 39.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}}} \]

   6. Simplified 39.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}} \]

   7. Simplified 26.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.im, x.im, y.re \cdot x.re\right)}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}} \]

   8. Applied associate-*l/_binary64 26.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.im, x.im, y.re \cdot x.re\right)}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}} \]

   9. Simplified 26.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, y.im \cdot x.im\right)}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)} \]

   10. Taylor expanded in y.re around -inf 12.9

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\left(x.re + \frac{y.im \cdot x.im}{y.re}\right)}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)} \]

   11. Simplified 9.4

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y.im}{y.re}, x.im, x.re\right)}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)} \]

   if -2.18401576508465057e101 < y.re < -3.6283479029046922e-140

   1. Initial program 15.2

      \[\frac{x.re \cdot y.re + x.im \cdot y.im}{y.re \cdot y.re + y.im \cdot y.im} \]

   2. Simplified 15.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}} \]

   3. Taylor expanded in x.re around 0 15.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y.im \cdot x.im}{{y.im}^{2} + {y.re}^{2}} + \frac{x.re \cdot y.re}{{y.im}^{2} + {y.re}^{2}}} \]

   4. Simplified 13.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.im, \frac{y.im}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.im, y.im, y.re \cdot y.re\right)}, \frac{y.re \cdot x.re}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.im, y.im, y.re \cdot y.re\right)}\right)} \]

   if -3.6283479029046922e-140 < y.re < 8.272481472784187e-130

   1. Initial program 19.7

      \[\frac{x.re \cdot y.re + x.im \cdot y.im}{y.re \cdot y.re + y.im \cdot y.im} \]

   2. Simplified 19.7

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}} \]

   3. Applied add-sqr-sqrt_binary64 19.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}}} \]

   4. Applied *-un-lft-identity_binary64 19.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}} \]

   5. Applied times-frac_binary64 19.7

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}}} \]

   6. Simplified 19.7

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}} \]

   7. Simplified 10.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.im, x.im, y.re \cdot x.re\right)}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}} \]

   8. Taylor expanded in y.im around inf 11.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x.re \cdot y.re}{{y.im}^{2}} + \frac{x.im}{y.im}} \]

   9. Simplified 7.7

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{x.re}{y.im}, \frac{y.re}{y.im}, \frac{x.im}{y.im}\right)} \]

   if 8.272481472784187e-130 < y.re < 1.79089037074397082e98

   1. Initial program 14.4

      \[\frac{x.re \cdot y.re + x.im \cdot y.im}{y.re \cdot y.re + y.im \cdot y.im} \]

   2. Simplified 14.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}} \]

   3. Applied add-sqr-sqrt_binary64 14.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}}} \]

   4. Applied *-un-lft-identity_binary64 14.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}} \]

   5. Applied times-frac_binary64 14.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}}} \]

   6. Simplified 14.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}} \]

   7. Simplified 9.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.im, x.im, y.re \cdot x.re\right)}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}} \]

   8. Applied associate-*l/_binary64 9.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.im, x.im, y.re \cdot x.re\right)}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}} \]

   9. Simplified 9.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, y.im \cdot x.im\right)}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)} \]

   if 1.79089037074397082e98 < y.re

   1. Initial program 40.4

      \[\frac{x.re \cdot y.re + x.im \cdot y.im}{y.re \cdot y.re + y.im \cdot y.im} \]

   2. Simplified 40.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}} \]

   3. Applied add-sqr-sqrt_binary64 40.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}}} \]

   4. Applied *-un-lft-identity_binary64 40.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}} \]

   5. Applied times-frac_binary64 40.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}}} \]

   6. Simplified 40.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, x.im \cdot y.im\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.re, y.re, y.im \cdot y.im\right)}} \]

   7. Simplified 25.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.im, x.im, y.re \cdot x.re\right)}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}} \]

   8. Applied associate-*l/_binary64 25.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.im, x.im, y.re \cdot x.re\right)}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}} \]

   9. Simplified 25.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, y.im \cdot x.im\right)}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)} \]

   10. Taylor expanded in y.re around inf 13.4

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x.re + \frac{y.im \cdot x.im}{y.re}}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)} \]

   11. Simplified 9.8

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y.im}{y.re}, x.im, x.re\right)}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)} \]
3. Recombined 5 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 9.8

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y.re \leq -2.1840157650846506 \cdot 10^{+101}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y.im}{y.re}, x.im, x.re\right)}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y.re \leq -3.6283479029046922 \cdot 10^{-140}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x.im, \frac{y.im}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.im, y.im, y.re \cdot y.re\right)}, \frac{y.re \cdot x.re}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y.im, y.im, y.re \cdot y.re\right)}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y.re \leq 8.272481472784187 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{x.re}{y.im}, \frac{y.re}{y.im}, \frac{x.im}{y.im}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y.re \leq 1.7908903707439708 \cdot 10^{+98}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x.re, y.re, y.im \cdot x.im\right)}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y.im}{y.re}, x.im, x.re\right)}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(y.im, y.re\right)}\\ \end{array} \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2022068 
(FPCore (x.re x.im y.re y.im)
  :name "_divideComplex, real part"
  :precision binary64
  (/ (+ (* x.re y.re) (* x.im y.im)) (+ (* y.re y.re) (* y.im y.im))))