jeff quadratic root 2

Average Error: 20.0 → 6.9

Time: 10.7s

Precision: binary64

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \end{array} \]

↓

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -5.777484400075436 \cdot 10^{+92}:\\ \;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \frac{-2}{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \end{array}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}\\ t_1 := \frac{t_0 - b}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.9314596379250625 \cdot 10^{+113}:\\ \;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\left(-b\right) - t_0}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_1\\ \end{array}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\left(-b\right) - b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_1\\ \end{array}\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (>= b 0.0)
   (/ (* 2.0 c) (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))))
   (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a))))

↓

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -5.777484400075436e+92)
   (if (>= b 0.0)
     (* c (/ -2.0 (+ b (sqrt (fma a (* c -4.0) (* b b))))))
     (/ (- b) a))
   (let* ((t_0 (sqrt (- (* b b) (* c (* a 4.0)))))
          (t_1 (/ (- t_0 b) (* a 2.0))))
     (if (<= b 1.9314596379250625e+113)
       (if (>= b 0.0) (/ (* c 2.0) (- (- b) t_0)) t_1)
       (if (>= b 0.0) (/ (* c 2.0) (- (- b) b)) t_1)))))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b >= 0.0) {
		tmp = (2.0 * c) / (-b - sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)));
	} else {
		tmp = (-b + sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) / (2.0 * a);
	}
	return tmp;
}

↓

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp_1;
	if (b <= -5.777484400075436e+92) {
		double tmp_2;
		if (b >= 0.0) {
			tmp_2 = c * (-2.0 / (b + sqrt(fma(a, (c * -4.0), (b * b)))));
		} else {
			tmp_2 = -b / a;
		}
		tmp_1 = tmp_2;
	} else {
		double t_0 = sqrt((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)));
		double t_1 = (t_0 - b) / (a * 2.0);
		double tmp_4;
		if (b <= 1.9314596379250625e+113) {
			double tmp_5;
			if (b >= 0.0) {
				tmp_5 = (c * 2.0) / (-b - t_0);
			} else {
				tmp_5 = t_1;
			}
			tmp_4 = tmp_5;
		} else if (b >= 0.0) {
			tmp_4 = (c * 2.0) / (-b - b);
		} else {
			tmp_4 = t_1;
		}
		tmp_1 = tmp_4;
	}
	return tmp_1;
}

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Bits error versus c

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if b < -5.77748440007543573e92

   1. Initial program 44.0

      \[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \end{array} \]

   2. Simplified 44.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\begin{array}{l} \color{blue}{\mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \frac{-2}{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)} - b\right) \cdot \frac{0.5}{a}\\ } \end{array}} \]

   3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf 3.9

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \frac{-2}{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}\\ \end{array} \]

   4. Simplified 3.9

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \frac{-2}{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \end{array} \]

   if -5.77748440007543573e92 < b < 1.93145963792506253e113

   1. Initial program 9.2

      \[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \end{array} \]

   if 1.93145963792506253e113 < b

   1. Initial program 32.6

      \[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \end{array} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in b around inf 2.7

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\left(-b\right) - \color{blue}{b}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \end{array} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 6.9

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -5.777484400075436 \cdot 10^{+92}:\\ \;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \frac{-2}{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \end{array}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 1.9314596379250625 \cdot 10^{+113}:\\ \;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}\\ \end{array}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\left(-b\right) - b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}\\ \end{array} \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2021357 
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "jeff quadratic root 2"
  :precision binary64
  (if (>= b 0.0) (/ (* 2.0 c) (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))))) (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a))))