Average Error: 0.8 → 0.2
Time: 15.7s
Precision: binary64
\[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
↓
\[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2, \cos \phi_1\right)} \]
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}
↓
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2, \cos \phi_1\right)}

(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (cos phi2) (sin (- lambda1 lambda2)))
   (+ (cos phi1) (* (cos phi2) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)))))))
↓
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (expm1
    (log1p
     (*
      (cos phi2)
      (- (* (sin lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (cos lambda1) (sin lambda2))))))
   (fma
    (cos phi2)
    (+ (* (cos lambda2) (cos lambda1)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2)))
    (cos phi1)))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi2) * sin(lambda1 - lambda2)), (cos(phi1) + (cos(phi2) * cos(lambda1 - lambda2))));
}
↓
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(expm1(log1p(cos(phi2) * ((sin(lambda1) * cos(lambda2)) - (cos(lambda1) * sin(lambda2))))), fma(cos(phi2), ((cos(lambda2) * cos(lambda1)) + (sin(lambda1) * sin(lambda2))), cos(phi1)));
}

Error

Bits error versus lambda1

Bits error versus lambda2

Bits error versus phi1

Bits error versus phi2

Derivation

  1. Initial program 0.8

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]

  2. Simplified0.8

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right), \cos \phi_1\right)}} \]

  3. Applied sin-diff_binary640.8

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right), \cos \phi_1\right)} \]

  4. Applied cos-diff_binary640.2

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2}, \cos \phi_1\right)} \]

  5. Simplified0.2

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{\cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1} + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2, \cos \phi_1\right)} \]

  6. Applied expm1-log1p-u_binary640.2

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2, \cos \phi_1\right)} \]

  7. Final simplification0.2

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2, \cos \phi_1\right)} \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2021340 
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
  :name "Midpoint on a great circle"
  :precision binary64
  (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (cos phi2) (sin (- lambda1 lambda2))) (+ (cos phi1) (* (cos phi2) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)))))))