Average Error: 10.4 → 1.0
Time: 12.1s
Precision: binary64
\[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
↓
\[\begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{0.5}}{t}\\ t_2 := \sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{t}{\ell} \leq -6.06372124732686 \cdot 10^{+158}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(t_2 \cdot \left(-t_1\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\frac{t}{\ell} \leq 3.7522213532037275 \cdot 10^{+129}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{t_2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{t_2}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}, 1\right)}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(t_2 \cdot t_1\right)\\ \end{array} \]
\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right)
↓
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{0.5}}{t}\\
t_2 := \sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{t}{\ell} \leq -6.06372124732686 \cdot 10^{+158}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(t_2 \cdot \left(-t_1\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;\frac{t}{\ell} \leq 3.7522213532037275 \cdot 10^{+129}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{t_2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{t_2}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}, 1\right)}}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(t_2 \cdot t_1\right)\\


\end{array}

(FPCore (t l Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (asin
  (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 (pow (/ Om Omc) 2.0)) (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (pow (/ t l) 2.0)))))))
↓
(FPCore (t l Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (/ (* l (sqrt 0.5)) t)) (t_2 (sqrt (- 1.0 (pow (/ Om Omc) 2.0)))))
   (if (<= (/ t l) -6.06372124732686e+158)
     (asin (* t_2 (- t_1)))
     (if (<= (/ t l) 3.7522213532037275e+129)
       (asin (* (sqrt t_2) (sqrt (/ t_2 (fma 2.0 (pow (/ t l) 2.0) 1.0)))))
       (asin (* t_2 t_1))))))
double code(double t, double l, double Om, double Omc) {
	return asin(sqrt((1.0 - pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * pow((t / l), 2.0)))));
}
↓
double code(double t, double l, double Om, double Omc) {
	double t_1 = (l * sqrt(0.5)) / t;
	double t_2 = sqrt(1.0 - pow((Om / Omc), 2.0));
	double tmp;
	if ((t / l) <= -6.06372124732686e+158) {
		tmp = asin(t_2 * -t_1);
	} else if ((t / l) <= 3.7522213532037275e+129) {
		tmp = asin(sqrt(t_2) * sqrt(t_2 / fma(2.0, pow((t / l), 2.0), 1.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = asin(t_2 * t_1);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Error

Bits error versus t

Bits error versus l

Bits error versus Om

Bits error versus Omc

Derivation

  1. Split input into 3 regimes

  2. if (/.f64 t l) < -6.06372124732686002e158

    1. Initial program 33.8

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

    2. Simplified33.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}, 1\right)}}\right)} \]

    3. Taylor expanded in t around -inf 8.2

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \ell}{t} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}}\right)\right)} \]

    4. Simplified0.3

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left(-\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{0.5}}{t}\right)\right)} \]

    if -6.06372124732686002e158 < (/.f64 t l) < 3.75222135320372747e129

    1. Initial program 1.3

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

    2. Simplified1.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}, 1\right)}}\right)} \]

    3. Applied *-un-lft-identity_binary641.3

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}, 1\right)}}}\right) \]

    4. Applied add-sqr-sqrt_binary641.3

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}}}{1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

    5. Applied times-frac_binary641.3

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}}{1} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}, 1\right)}}}\right) \]

    6. Applied sqrt-prod_binary641.3

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}}{1}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}, 1\right)}}\right)} \]

    7. Simplified1.3

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

    if 3.75222135320372747e129 < (/.f64 t l)

    1. Initial program 31.2

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

    2. Simplified31.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}, 1\right)}}\right)} \]

    3. Taylor expanded in t around inf 7.6

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \ell}{t} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \frac{{Om}^{2}}{{Omc}^{2}}}\right)} \]

    4. Simplified0.3

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{0.5}}{t}\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

  4. Final simplification1.0

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{t}{\ell} \leq -6.06372124732686 \cdot 10^{+158}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left(-\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{0.5}}{t}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\frac{t}{\ell} \leq 3.7522213532037275 \cdot 10^{+129}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}, 1\right)}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{0.5}}{t}\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2021329 
(FPCore (t l Om Omc)
  :name "Toniolo and Linder, Equation (2)"
  :precision binary64
  (asin (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 (pow (/ Om Omc) 2.0)) (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (pow (/ t l) 2.0)))))))