jeff quadratic root 1

Average Error: 19.9 → 7.1

Time: 12.1s

Precision: binary64

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\\ \end{array}\]

↓

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array} \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{b + b}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array} \leq -2.2125919032262946 \cdot 10^{-212}:\\ \;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\left(-b\right) - b}\\ \end{array}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array} \leq 1.5792152815523215 \cdot 10^{+233}:\\ \;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{b + b}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array}\]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (>= b 0.0)
   (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a))
   (/ (* 2.0 c) (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))))))

↓

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<=
      (if (>= b 0.0)
        (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* a 2.0))
        (/ (* c 2.0) (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))) b)))
      (- INFINITY))
   (if (>= b 0.0)
     (* -0.5 (/ (+ b b) a))
     (/ (* c 2.0) (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))) b)))
   (if (<=
        (if (>= b 0.0)
          (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* a 2.0))
          (/ (* c 2.0) (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))) b)))
        -2.2125919032262946e-212)
     (if (>= b 0.0)
       (* -0.5 (/ (+ b (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) a))
       (/ (* c 2.0) (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))) b)))
     (if (<=
          (if (>= b 0.0)
            (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* a 2.0))
            (/ (* c 2.0) (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))) b)))
          0.0)
       (if (>= b 0.0)
         (* -0.5 (/ (+ b (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) a))
         (/ (* c 2.0) (- (- b) b)))
       (if (<=
            (if (>= b 0.0)
              (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* a 2.0))
              (/ (* c 2.0) (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))) b)))
            1.5792152815523215e+233)
         (if (>= b 0.0)
           (* -0.5 (/ (+ b (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) a))
           (/ (* c 2.0) (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))) b)))
         (if (>= b 0.0)
           (* -0.5 (/ (+ b b) a))
           (/ (* c 2.0) (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))) b))))))))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b >= 0.0) {
		tmp = (-b - sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) / (2.0 * a);
	} else {
		tmp = (2.0 * c) / (-b + sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

↓

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp_1;
	if (b >= 0.0) {
		tmp_1 = (-b - sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) / (a * 2.0);
	} else {
		tmp_1 = (c * 2.0) / (sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)) - b);
	}
	double tmp;
	if (tmp_1 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		double tmp_2;
		if (b >= 0.0) {
			tmp_2 = -0.5 * ((b + b) / a);
		} else {
			tmp_2 = (c * 2.0) / (sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)) - b);
		}
		tmp = tmp_2;
	double tmp_3;
	if (b >= 0.0) {
		tmp_3 = (-b - sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) / (a * 2.0);
	} else {
		tmp_3 = (c * 2.0) / (sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)) - b);
	}
	} else if (tmp_3 <= -2.2125919032262946e-212) {
		double tmp_4;
		if (b >= 0.0) {
			tmp_4 = -0.5 * ((b + sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) / a);
		} else {
			tmp_4 = (c * 2.0) / (sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)) - b);
		}
		tmp = tmp_4;
	double tmp_5;
	if (b >= 0.0) {
		tmp_5 = (-b - sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) / (a * 2.0);
	} else {
		tmp_5 = (c * 2.0) / (sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)) - b);
	}
	} else if (tmp_5 <= 0.0) {
		double tmp_6;
		if (b >= 0.0) {
			tmp_6 = -0.5 * ((b + sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) / a);
		} else {
			tmp_6 = (c * 2.0) / (-b - b);
		}
		tmp = tmp_6;
	double tmp_7;
	if (b >= 0.0) {
		tmp_7 = (-b - sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) / (a * 2.0);
	} else {
		tmp_7 = (c * 2.0) / (sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)) - b);
	}
	} else if (tmp_7 <= 1.5792152815523215e+233) {
		double tmp_8;
		if (b >= 0.0) {
			tmp_8 = -0.5 * ((b + sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) / a);
		} else {
			tmp_8 = (c * 2.0) / (sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)) - b);
		}
		tmp = tmp_8;
	} else if (b >= 0.0) {
		tmp = -0.5 * ((b + b) / a);
	} else {
		tmp = (c * 2.0) / (sqrt((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)) - b);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Bits error versus c

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (if (>=.f64 b 0) (/.f64 (-.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 4 a) c)))) (*.f64 2 a)) (/.f64 (*.f64 2 c) (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 4 a) c)))))) < -inf.0 or 1.57921528155232151e233 < (if (>=.f64 b 0) (/.f64 (-.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 4 a) c)))) (*.f64 2 a)) (/.f64 (*.f64 2 c) (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 4 a) c))))))

   1. Initial program 56.9

      \[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\\ \end{array}\]

   2. Simplified 56.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array}}\]

   3. Taylor expanded around inf 17.1

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{b + \color{blue}{b}}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array}\]

   if -inf.0 < (if (>=.f64 b 0) (/.f64 (-.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 4 a) c)))) (*.f64 2 a)) (/.f64 (*.f64 2 c) (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 4 a) c)))))) < -2.21259190322629462e-212 or 0.0 < (if (>=.f64 b 0) (/.f64 (-.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 4 a) c)))) (*.f64 2 a)) (/.f64 (*.f64 2 c) (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 4 a) c)))))) < 1.57921528155232151e233

   1. Initial program 2.6

      \[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\\ \end{array}\]

   2. Simplified 2.6

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array}}\]

   if -2.21259190322629462e-212 < (if (>=.f64 b 0) (/.f64 (-.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 4 a) c)))) (*.f64 2 a)) (/.f64 (*.f64 2 c) (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 4 a) c)))))) < 0.0

   1. Initial program 33.2

      \[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\\ \end{array}\]

   2. Simplified 33.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array}}\]

   3. Taylor expanded around -inf 10.4

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\color{blue}{c \cdot 2}}{-1 \cdot b - b}\\ \end{array}\]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 7.1

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array} \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{b + b}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array} \leq -2.2125919032262946 \cdot 10^{-212}:\\ \;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\left(-b\right) - b}\\ \end{array}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array} \leq 1.5792152815523215 \cdot 10^{+233}:\\ \;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \geq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{b + b}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot 2}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2021044 
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "jeff quadratic root 1"
  :precision binary64
  (if (>= b 0.0) (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)) (/ (* 2.0 c) (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))))))