Average Error: 29.5 → 0.4
Time: 4.1s
Precision: binary64
Cost: 20417
\[e^{a \cdot x} - 1\]
↓
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \cdot x \leq -0.017625308791433102:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{{\left(e^{a \cdot x}\right)}^{2} + -1}{e^{a \cdot x} + 1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot x + a \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(a \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\\ \end{array}\]
e^{a \cdot x} - 1
↓
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \cdot x \leq -0.017625308791433102:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{{\left(e^{a \cdot x}\right)}^{2} + -1}{e^{a \cdot x} + 1}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a \cdot x + a \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(a \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\\

\end{array}
(FPCore (a x) :precision binary64 (- (exp (* a x)) 1.0))
↓
(FPCore (a x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (* a x) -0.017625308791433102)
   (/ (+ (pow (exp (* a x)) 2.0) -1.0) (+ (exp (* a x)) 1.0))
   (+ (* a x) (* a (* 0.5 (* x (* a x)))))))
double code(double a, double x) {
	return exp(a * x) - 1.0;
}
↓
double code(double a, double x) {
	double tmp;
	if ((a * x) <= -0.017625308791433102) {
		tmp = (pow(exp(a * x), 2.0) + -1.0) / (exp(a * x) + 1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = (a * x) + (a * (0.5 * (x * (a * x))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus x

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes

  2. if (*.f64 a x) < -0.0176253087914331023

    1. Initial program 0.0

      \[e^{a \cdot x} - 1\]
    2. Using strategy rm

    3. Applied flip--_binary640.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{a \cdot x} \cdot e^{a \cdot x} - 1 \cdot 1}{e^{a \cdot x} + 1}}\]

    4. Simplified0.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(e^{a \cdot x}\right)}^{2} + -1}}{e^{a \cdot x} + 1}\]

    if -0.0176253087914331023 < (*.f64 a x)

    1. Initial program 44.4

      \[e^{a \cdot x} - 1\]

    2. Taylor expanded around 0 8.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot x + 0.5 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)}\]

    3. Simplified4.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(x + 0.5 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)}\]
    4. Using strategy rm

    5. Applied associate-*r*_binary640.6

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(x + 0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(a \cdot x\right) \cdot x\right)}\right)\]
    6. Using strategy rm

    7. Applied distribute-rgt-in_binary640.6

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot a + \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x\right) \cdot x\right)\right) \cdot a}\]

    8. Simplified0.6

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot x} + \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x\right) \cdot x\right)\right) \cdot a\]

    9. Simplified0.6

      \[\leadsto a \cdot x + \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(a \cdot x\right)\right)\right)}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

  4. Final simplification0.4

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \cdot x \leq -0.017625308791433102:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{{\left(e^{a \cdot x}\right)}^{2} + -1}{e^{a \cdot x} + 1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot x + a \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(a \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2021043 
(FPCore (a x)
  :name "expax (section 3.5)"
  :precision binary64
  :herbie-expected 14
  (- (exp (* a x)) 1.0))