Average Error: 13.6 → 5.7
Time: 6.2s
Precision: binary64
\[10^{-150} < \left|x\right| \land \left|x\right| < 10^{+150}\]
\[\sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(4 \cdot p\right) \cdot p + x \cdot x}}\right)}\]
↓
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{\sqrt{p \cdot \left(4 \cdot p\right) + x \cdot x}} \leq -0.9999999999991268:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{p}{\frac{x \cdot x}{p}} - 6 \cdot {\left(\frac{p}{x}\right)}^{4}\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(1 + x \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{p \cdot \left(4 \cdot p\right) + x \cdot x}}\right)}\\ \end{array}\]
\sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(4 \cdot p\right) \cdot p + x \cdot x}}\right)}
↓
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{\sqrt{p \cdot \left(4 \cdot p\right) + x \cdot x}} \leq -0.9999999999991268:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{p}{\frac{x \cdot x}{p}} - 6 \cdot {\left(\frac{p}{x}\right)}^{4}\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(1 + x \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{p \cdot \left(4 \cdot p\right) + x \cdot x}}\right)}\\

\end{array}
(FPCore (p x)
 :precision binary64
 (sqrt (* 0.5 (+ 1.0 (/ x (sqrt (+ (* (* 4.0 p) p) (* x x))))))))
↓
(FPCore (p x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ x (sqrt (+ (* p (* 4.0 p)) (* x x)))) -0.9999999999991268)
   (sqrt (* 0.5 (- (* 2.0 (/ p (/ (* x x) p))) (* 6.0 (pow (/ p x) 4.0)))))
   (sqrt (* 0.5 (+ 1.0 (* x (/ 1.0 (sqrt (+ (* p (* 4.0 p)) (* x x))))))))))
double code(double p, double x) {
	return sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 + (x / sqrt(((4.0 * p) * p) + (x * x)))));
}
↓
double code(double p, double x) {
	double tmp;
	if ((x / sqrt((p * (4.0 * p)) + (x * x))) <= -0.9999999999991268) {
		tmp = sqrt(0.5 * ((2.0 * (p / ((x * x) / p))) - (6.0 * pow((p / x), 4.0))));
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 + (x * (1.0 / sqrt((p * (4.0 * p)) + (x * x))))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Error

Bits error versus p

Bits error versus x

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original13.6
Target13.6
Herbie5.7
\[\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{\mathsf{copysign}\left(0.5, x\right)}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2 \cdot p}{x}\right)}}\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes

  2. if (/.f64 x (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 4 p) p) (*.f64 x x)))) < -0.99999999999912681

    1. Initial program 53.2

      \[\sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(4 \cdot p\right) \cdot p + x \cdot x}}\right)}\]

    2. Taylor expanded around -inf 34.5

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{{p}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} - 6 \cdot \frac{{p}^{4}}{{x}^{4}}\right)}}\]

    3. Simplified22.1

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{p}{\frac{x \cdot x}{p}} - 6 \cdot {\left(\frac{p}{x}\right)}^{4}\right)}}\]

    if -0.99999999999912681 < (/.f64 x (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 4 p) p) (*.f64 x x))))

    1. Initial program 0.1

      \[\sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(4 \cdot p\right) \cdot p + x \cdot x}}\right)}\]
    2. Using strategy rm

    3. Applied div-inv_binary64_17800.1

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(4 \cdot p\right) \cdot p + x \cdot x}}}\right)}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

  4. Final simplification5.7

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{\sqrt{p \cdot \left(4 \cdot p\right) + x \cdot x}} \leq -0.9999999999991268:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{p}{\frac{x \cdot x}{p}} - 6 \cdot {\left(\frac{p}{x}\right)}^{4}\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(1 + x \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{p \cdot \left(4 \cdot p\right) + x \cdot x}}\right)}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2021032 
(FPCore (p x)
  :name "Given's Rotation SVD example"
  :precision binary64
  :pre (< 1e-150 (fabs x) 1e+150)

  :herbie-target
  (sqrt (+ 0.5 (/ (copysign 0.5 x) (hypot 1.0 (/ (* 2.0 p) x)))))

  (sqrt (* 0.5 (+ 1.0 (/ x (sqrt (+ (* (* 4.0 p) p) (* x x))))))))