Toniolo and Linder, Equation (10+)

Average Error: 32.8 → 13.2

Time: 18.5s

Precision: binary64

Math

\[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]

↓

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq -4.0656703024351655 \cdot 10^{+118}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \leq -9.309408527201053 \cdot 10^{-42}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \frac{{t}^{3}}{\frac{\ell}{\sin k}}\right)}{\ell}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \leq 3.4832430358521343 \cdot 10^{-99}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \cos k}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right)\right)}\\ \end{array}\]

FPCore

(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  2.0
  (*
   (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k))
   (+ (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))

↓

(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= t -4.0656703024351655e+118)
   (/
    2.0
    (*
     (* (* t (* (/ t l) (* (/ t l) (sin k)))) (tan k))
     (+ 2.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0))))
   (if (<= t -9.309408527201053e-42)
     (/
      2.0
      (/
       (* (+ 2.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) (* (tan k) (/ (pow t 3.0) (/ l (sin k)))))
       l))
     (if (<= t 3.4832430358521343e-99)
       (/ 2.0 (/ (* (* k k) (* t (pow (sin k) 2.0))) (* (* l l) (cos k))))
       (/
        2.0
        (*
         (+ 2.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0))
         (* t (* (* (/ t l) (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k)))))))))

C

double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + pow((k / t), 2.0)) + 1.0));
}

↓

double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	double tmp;
	if (t <= -4.0656703024351655e+118) {
		tmp = 2.0 / (((t * ((t / l) * ((t / l) * sin(k)))) * tan(k)) * (2.0 + pow((k / t), 2.0)));
	} else if (t <= -9.309408527201053e-42) {
		tmp = 2.0 / (((2.0 + pow((k / t), 2.0)) * (tan(k) * (pow(t, 3.0) / (l / sin(k))))) / l);
	} else if (t <= 3.4832430358521343e-99) {
		tmp = 2.0 / (((k * k) * (t * pow(sin(k), 2.0))) / ((l * l) * cos(k)));
	} else {
		tmp = 2.0 / ((2.0 + pow((k / t), 2.0)) * (t * (((t / l) * ((t / l) * sin(k))) * tan(k))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Error

Bits error versus t

Bits error versus l

Bits error versus k

Derivation

1. Split input into 4 regimes

2. if t < -4.0656703024351655e118

   1. Initial program 23.3

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]

   2. Simplified 23.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}}\]
   3. Using strategy rm

   4. Applied unpow3_binary64_485 23.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot t}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]

   5. Applied times-frac_binary64_425 16.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]

   6. Applied associate-*l*_binary64_360 16.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]
   7. Using strategy rm

   8. Applied *-un-lft-identity_binary64_419 16.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{t \cdot t}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \ell}} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]

   9. Applied times-frac_binary64_425 7.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t}{1} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]

   10. Simplified 7.0

       \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\left(\color{blue}{t} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]
   11. Using strategy rm

   12. Applied associate-*l*_binary64_360 4.9

       \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]

   if -4.0656703024351655e118 < t < -9.3094085272010534e-42

   1. Initial program 21.8

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]

   2. Simplified 21.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}}\]
   3. Using strategy rm

   4. Applied unpow3_binary64_485 21.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot t}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]

   5. Applied times-frac_binary64_425 16.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]

   6. Applied associate-*l*_binary64_360 10.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]
   7. Using strategy rm

   8. Applied associate-*l/_binary64_362 10.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)}{\ell}} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]

   9. Applied associate-*l/_binary64_362 9.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k}{\ell}} \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]

   10. Applied associate-*l/_binary64_362 8.5

       \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}{\ell}}}\]

   11. Simplified 10.4

       \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \frac{{t}^{3}}{\frac{\ell}{\sin k}}\right)}}{\ell}}\]

   if -9.3094085272010534e-42 < t < 3.48324303585213428e-99

   1. Initial program 57.8

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]

   2. Simplified 57.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}}\]

   3. Taylor expanded around 0 26.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}}}\]

   4. Simplified 26.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \cos k}}}\]

   if 3.48324303585213428e-99 < t

   1. Initial program 24.2

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]

   2. Simplified 24.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}}\]
   3. Using strategy rm

   4. Applied unpow3_binary64_485 24.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot t}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]

   5. Applied times-frac_binary64_425 17.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]

   6. Applied associate-*l*_binary64_360 14.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]
   7. Using strategy rm

   8. Applied *-un-lft-identity_binary64_419 14.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{t \cdot t}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \ell}} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]

   9. Applied times-frac_binary64_425 9.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t}{1} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]

   10. Simplified 9.7

       \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\left(\color{blue}{t} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]
   11. Using strategy rm

   12. Applied associate-*l*_binary64_360 9.4

       \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]
   13. Using strategy rm

   14. Applied associate-*l*_binary64_360 8.9

       \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right)\right)} \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\]
3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 13.2

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq -4.0656703024351655 \cdot 10^{+118}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \leq -9.309408527201053 \cdot 10^{-42}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \frac{{t}^{3}}{\frac{\ell}{\sin k}}\right)}{\ell}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \leq 3.4832430358521343 \cdot 10^{-99}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \cos k}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\left(2 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right)\right)}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2020344 
(FPCore (t l k)
  :name "Toniolo and Linder, Equation (10+)"
  :precision binary64
  (/ 2.0 (* (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))