Average Error: 40.0 → 0.4
Time: 1.7s
Precision: binary64
\[\frac{e^{x} - 1}{x}\]
↓
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -0.00020381535193601385:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{e^{x}}}{e}\right)}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + \log \left(e^{x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666 + 0.5\right)}\right)\\ \end{array}\]
\frac{e^{x} - 1}{x}
↓
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -0.00020381535193601385:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{e^{x}}}{e}\right)}{x}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 + \log \left(e^{x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666 + 0.5\right)}\right)\\

\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (- (exp x) 1.0) x))
↓
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x -0.00020381535193601385)
   (/ (log (/ (exp (exp x)) E)) x)
   (+ 1.0 (log (exp (* x (+ (* x 0.16666666666666666) 0.5)))))))
double code(double x) {
	return (exp(x) - 1.0) / x;
}
↓
double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -0.00020381535193601385) {
		tmp = log(exp(exp(x)) / ((double) M_E)) / x;
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0 + log(exp(x * ((x * 0.16666666666666666) + 0.5)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Error

Bits error versus x

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original40.0
Target40.4
Herbie0.4
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x < 1 \land x > -1:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{e^{x} - 1}{\log \left(e^{x}\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{e^{x} - 1}{x}\\ \end{array}\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes

  2. if x < -2.0381535193601385e-4

    1. Initial program 0.0

      \[\frac{e^{x} - 1}{x}\]
    2. Using strategy rm

    3. Applied add-log-exp_binary640.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{1}\right)}}{x}\]

    4. Applied add-log-exp_binary640.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(e^{e^{x}}\right)} - \log \left(e^{1}\right)}{x}\]

    5. Applied diff-log_binary640.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{e^{e^{x}}}{e^{1}}\right)}}{x}\]

    6. Simplified0.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{e^{e^{x}}}{e}\right)}}{x}\]

    if -2.0381535193601385e-4 < x

    1. Initial program 60.0

      \[\frac{e^{x} - 1}{x}\]

    2. Taylor expanded around 0 0.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.16666666666666666 \cdot {x}^{2} + \left(0.5 \cdot x + 1\right)}\]

    3. Simplified0.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + x \cdot \left(0.5 + x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)}\]
    4. Using strategy rm

    5. Applied add-log-exp_binary640.5

      \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{x \cdot \left(0.5 + x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)}\right)}\]

    6. Simplified0.5

      \[\leadsto 1 + \log \color{blue}{\left(e^{x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666 + 0.5\right)}\right)}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

  4. Final simplification0.4

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -0.00020381535193601385:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{e^{x}}}{e}\right)}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + \log \left(e^{x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666 + 0.5\right)}\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2020224 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "Kahan's exp quotient"
  :precision binary64

  :herbie-target
  (if (and (< x 1.0) (> x -1.0)) (/ (- (exp x) 1.0) (log (exp x))) (/ (- (exp x) 1.0) x))

  (/ (- (exp x) 1.0) x))