Average Error: 45.9 → 8.4
Time: 2.5s
Precision: binary64
\[\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, z\right) - \left(1 + \left(x \cdot y + z\right)\right)\]
↓
\[\log \left(\frac{e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, z\right) - \left(z + x \cdot y\right)}}{e}\right)\]
\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, z\right) - \left(1 + \left(x \cdot y + z\right)\right)
↓
\log \left(\frac{e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, z\right) - \left(z + x \cdot y\right)}}{e}\right)
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (- (fma x y z) (+ 1.0 (+ (* x y) z))))
↓
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (log (/ (exp (- (fma x y z) (+ z (* x y)))) E)))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return fma(x, y, z) - (1.0 + ((x * y) + z));
}
↓
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return log(exp(fma(x, y, z) - (z + (x * y))) / ((double) M_E));
}

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus y

Bits error versus z

Target

Original45.9
Target0
Herbie8.4
\[-1\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 45.9

    \[\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, z\right) - \left(1 + \left(x \cdot y + z\right)\right)\]
  2. Using strategy rm

  3. Applied add-log-exp_binary6447.4

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, z\right) - \left(1 + \left(x \cdot y + \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{z}\right)}\right)\right)\]

  4. Applied add-log-exp_binary6448.3

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, z\right) - \left(1 + \left(\color{blue}{\log \left(e^{x \cdot y}\right)} + \log \left(e^{z}\right)\right)\right)\]

  5. Applied sum-log_binary6448.3

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, z\right) - \left(1 + \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{x \cdot y} \cdot e^{z}\right)}\right)\]

  6. Applied add-log-exp_binary6448.3

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, z\right) - \left(\color{blue}{\log \left(e^{1}\right)} + \log \left(e^{x \cdot y} \cdot e^{z}\right)\right)\]

  7. Applied sum-log_binary6448.3

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, z\right) - \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{1} \cdot \left(e^{x \cdot y} \cdot e^{z}\right)\right)}\]

  8. Applied add-log-exp_binary6448.3

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, z\right)}\right)} - \log \left(e^{1} \cdot \left(e^{x \cdot y} \cdot e^{z}\right)\right)\]

  9. Applied diff-log_binary6448.3

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, z\right)}}{e^{1} \cdot \left(e^{x \cdot y} \cdot e^{z}\right)}\right)}\]

  10. Simplified8.4

    \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, z\right) - \left(z + x \cdot y\right)}}{e}\right)}\]

  11. Final simplification8.4

    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, y, z\right) - \left(z + x \cdot y\right)}}{e}\right)\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2020224 
(FPCore (x y z)
  :name "simple fma test"
  :precision binary64

  :herbie-target
  -1.0

  (- (fma x y z) (+ 1.0 (+ (* x y) z))))