R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right)R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \sqrt[3]{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{3}} \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{3}}\right)\right)}}\right)(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
:precision binary64
(*
R
(*
2.0
(atan2
(sqrt
(+
(pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
(*
(* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0)))
(sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0)))))
(sqrt
(-
1.0
(+
(pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
(*
(* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0)))
(sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0))))))))))(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
:precision binary64
(*
R
(*
2.0
(atan2
(sqrt
(+
(pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
(*
(sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0))
(* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0))))))
(sqrt
(-
1.0
(+
(pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
(*
(cbrt (pow (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0)) 3.0))
(*
(* (cos phi1) (cos phi2))
(cbrt (pow (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0)) 3.0)))))))))))double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
return ((double) (R * ((double) (2.0 * ((double) atan2(((double) sqrt(((double) (((double) pow(((double) sin((((double) (phi1 - phi2)) / 2.0))), 2.0)) + ((double) (((double) (((double) (((double) cos(phi1)) * ((double) cos(phi2)))) * ((double) sin((((double) (lambda1 - lambda2)) / 2.0))))) * ((double) sin((((double) (lambda1 - lambda2)) / 2.0))))))))), ((double) sqrt(((double) (1.0 - ((double) (((double) pow(((double) sin((((double) (phi1 - phi2)) / 2.0))), 2.0)) + ((double) (((double) (((double) (((double) cos(phi1)) * ((double) cos(phi2)))) * ((double) sin((((double) (lambda1 - lambda2)) / 2.0))))) * ((double) sin((((double) (lambda1 - lambda2)) / 2.0)))))))))))))))));
}
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
return ((double) (R * ((double) (2.0 * ((double) atan2(((double) sqrt(((double) (((double) pow(((double) sin((((double) (phi1 - phi2)) / 2.0))), 2.0)) + ((double) (((double) sin((((double) (lambda1 - lambda2)) / 2.0))) * ((double) (((double) (((double) cos(phi1)) * ((double) cos(phi2)))) * ((double) sin((((double) (lambda1 - lambda2)) / 2.0))))))))))), ((double) sqrt(((double) (1.0 - ((double) (((double) pow(((double) sin((((double) (phi1 - phi2)) / 2.0))), 2.0)) + ((double) (((double) cbrt(((double) pow(((double) sin((((double) (lambda1 - lambda2)) / 2.0))), 3.0)))) * ((double) (((double) (((double) cos(phi1)) * ((double) cos(phi2)))) * ((double) cbrt(((double) pow(((double) sin((((double) (lambda1 - lambda2)) / 2.0))), 3.0))))))))))))))))))));
}



Bits error versus R



Bits error versus lambda1



Bits error versus lambda2



Bits error versus phi1



Bits error versus phi2
Results
Initial program 23.9
rmApplied add-cbrt-cube_binary6423.9
Simplified23.9
rmApplied add-cbrt-cube_binary6423.9
Simplified23.9
Final simplification23.9
herbie shell --seed 2020219
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
:name "Distance on a great circle"
:precision binary64
(* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt (+ (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0) (* (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0))) (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0))))) (sqrt (- 1.0 (+ (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0) (* (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0))) (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0))))))))))