quadp (p42, positive)

Average Error: 34.3 → 6.7

Time: 4.8s

Precision: binary64

Math

\[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}\]

↓

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \le -3.8900654094429814 \cdot 10^{+133}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot \left(\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \le -1.1137175916725923 \cdot 10^{-303}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)}}{a \cdot 2} - \frac{b}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \le 6.1921107765546395 \cdot 10^{+103}:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \frac{\frac{-4}{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)}}}{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} \cdot -1\\ \end{array}\]

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return ((double) (((double) (((double) -(b)) + ((double) sqrt(((double) (((double) (b * b)) - ((double) (4.0 * ((double) (a * c)))))))))) / ((double) (2.0 * a))));
}

↓

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double VAR;
	if ((b <= -3.8900654094429814e+133)) {
		VAR = ((double) (1.0 * ((double) (((double) (c / b)) - ((double) (b / a))))));
	} else {
		double VAR_1;
		if ((b <= -1.1137175916725923e-303)) {
			VAR_1 = ((double) (((double) (((double) sqrt(((double) (((double) (b * b)) - ((double) (4.0 * ((double) (c * a)))))))) / ((double) (a * 2.0)))) - ((double) (b / ((double) (a * 2.0))))));
		} else {
			double VAR_2;
			if ((b <= 6.1921107765546395e+103)) {
				VAR_2 = ((double) (c * ((double) (((double) (((double) -(4.0)) / ((double) (b + ((double) sqrt(((double) (((double) (b * b)) - ((double) (4.0 * ((double) (c * a)))))))))))) / 2.0))));
			} else {
				VAR_2 = ((double) (((double) (c / b)) * -1.0));
			}
			VAR_1 = VAR_2;
		}
		VAR = VAR_1;
	}
	return VAR;
}

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Bits error versus c

Target

Original	34.3
Target	21.2
Herbie	6.7

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \lt 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{a \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}}\\ \end{array}\]

Derivation

1. Split input into 4 regimes

2. if b < -3.89006540944298138e133

   1. Initial program 57.1

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}\]

   2. Simplified 57.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}}\]

   3. Taylor expanded around -inf 2.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \frac{c}{b} - 1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}}\]

   4. Simplified 2.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\right)}\]

   if -3.89006540944298138e133 < b < -1.1137175916725923e-303

   1. Initial program 9.4

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}\]

   2. Simplified 9.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}}\]
   3. Using strategy rm

   4. Applied div-sub 9.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{a \cdot 2} - \frac{b}{a \cdot 2}}\]

   if -1.1137175916725923e-303 < b < 6.19211077655463949e103

   1. Initial program 32.3

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}\]

   2. Simplified 32.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}}\]
   3. Using strategy rm

   4. Applied flip-- 32.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} \cdot \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b \cdot b}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + b}}}{a \cdot 2}\]

   5. Simplified 16.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{0 - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + b}}{a \cdot 2}\]

   6. Simplified 16.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}{\color{blue}{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}}{a \cdot 2}\]
   7. Using strategy rm

   8. Applied sub0-neg 16.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{a \cdot 2}\]

   9. Applied distribute-frac-neg 16.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\frac{4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}}{a \cdot 2}\]

   10. Simplified 16.2

       \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\frac{4}{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}} \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{a \cdot 2}\]
   11. Using strategy rm

   12. Applied distribute-frac-neg 16.2

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\frac{4}{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}} \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}{a \cdot 2}}\]

   13. Simplified 8.7

       \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{4}{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{2} \cdot c}\]

   if 6.19211077655463949e103 < b

   1. Initial program 59.3

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}\]

   2. Simplified 59.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}}\]

   3. Taylor expanded around inf 2.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}}\]
3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 6.7

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \le -3.8900654094429814 \cdot 10^{+133}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot \left(\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \le -1.1137175916725923 \cdot 10^{-303}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)}}{a \cdot 2} - \frac{b}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \le 6.1921107765546395 \cdot 10^{+103}:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \frac{\frac{-4}{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)}}}{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} \cdot -1\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2020184 
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "quadp (p42, positive)"
  :precision binary64

  :herbie-target
  (if (< b 0.0) (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)) (/ c (* a (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))))

  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))