Average Error: 17.5 → 0.4
Time: 7.7s
Precision: binary64
\[\left(J \cdot \left(e^{\ell} - e^{-\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) + U\]
\[\left(\left(\ell + \left(\ell + \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot {\ell}^{3} + \frac{1}{60} \cdot {\ell}^{5}\right)\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) + U\]

Error

Bits error versus J

Bits error versus l

Bits error versus K

Bits error versus U

Derivation

  1. Initial program 17.5

    \[\left(J \cdot \left(e^{\ell} - e^{-\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) + U\]
  2. Simplified17.5

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{J \cdot \left(\left(e^{\ell} - e^{-\ell}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) + U}\]
  3. Taylor expanded around 0 0.4

    \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot {\ell}^{3} + \left(\frac{1}{60} \cdot {\ell}^{5} + 2 \cdot \ell\right)\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) + U\]
  4. Simplified0.4

    \[\leadsto J \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\ell + \left(\ell + \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot {\ell}^{3} + \frac{1}{60} \cdot {\ell}^{5}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) + U\]
  5. Using strategy rm
  6. Applied associate-*r*0.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot \left(\ell + \left(\ell + \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot {\ell}^{3} + \frac{1}{60} \cdot {\ell}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} + U\]
  7. Simplified0.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\ell + \left(\ell + \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot {\ell}^{3} + \frac{1}{60} \cdot {\ell}^{5}\right)\right)\right) \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) + U\]
  8. Final simplification0.4

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\ell + \left(\ell + \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot {\ell}^{3} + \frac{1}{60} \cdot {\ell}^{5}\right)\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) + U\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2020182 
(FPCore (J l K U)
  :name "Maksimov and Kolovsky, Equation (4)"
  :precision binary64
  (+ (* (* J (- (exp l) (exp (neg l)))) (cos (/ K 2.0))) U))