Maksimov and Kolovsky, Equation (4)

Average Error: 17.4 → 0.4

Time: 10.0s

Precision: binary64

Math

\[\left(J \cdot \left(e^{\ell} - e^{-\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) + U\]

↓

\[\left(J \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot {\ell}^{3} + \left(\frac{1}{60} \cdot {\ell}^{5} + 2 \cdot \ell\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) + U\]

Error

Bits error versus J

Bits error versus l

Bits error versus K

Bits error versus U

Derivation

1. Initial program 17.4

   \[\left(J \cdot \left(e^{\ell} - e^{-\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) + U\]

2. Taylor expanded around 0 0.4

   \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot {\ell}^{3} + \left(\frac{1}{60} \cdot {\ell}^{5} + 2 \cdot \ell\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) + U\]

3. Final simplification 0.4

   \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot {\ell}^{3} + \left(\frac{1}{60} \cdot {\ell}^{5} + 2 \cdot \ell\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) + U\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2020169 
(FPCore (J l K U)
  :name "Maksimov and Kolovsky, Equation (4)"
  :precision binary64
  (+ (* (* J (- (exp l) (exp (neg l)))) (cos (/ K 2.0))) U))