Average Error: 28.9 → 0.8
Time: 3.1s
Precision: binary64
\[e^{a \cdot x} - 1\]
↓
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \cdot x \le -2.71953442407974509 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(e^{e^{a \cdot x} - 1}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot a\\ \end{array}\]
e^{a \cdot x} - 1
↓
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \cdot x \le -2.71953442407974509 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(e^{e^{a \cdot x} - 1}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot a\\

\end{array}
double code(double a, double x) {
	return ((double) (((double) exp(((double) (a * x)))) - 1.0));
}
↓
double code(double a, double x) {
	double VAR;
	if ((((double) (a * x)) <= -2.719534424079745e-05)) {
		VAR = ((double) log(((double) exp(((double) (((double) exp(((double) (a * x)))) - 1.0))))));
	} else {
		VAR = ((double) (x * a));
	}
	return VAR;
}

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus x

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original28.9
Target0.2
Herbie0.8
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left|a \cdot x\right| \lt 0.10000000000000001:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(a \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\frac{a \cdot x}{2} + \frac{{\left(a \cdot x\right)}^{2}}{6}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{a \cdot x} - 1\\ \end{array}\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes

  2. if (* a x) < -2.71953442407974509e-5

    1. Initial program 0.1

      \[e^{a \cdot x} - 1\]
    2. Using strategy rm

    3. Applied add-log-exp0.1

      \[\leadsto e^{a \cdot x} - \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{1}\right)}\]

    4. Applied add-log-exp0.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{e^{a \cdot x}}\right)} - \log \left(e^{1}\right)\]

    5. Applied diff-log0.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{e^{e^{a \cdot x}}}{e^{1}}\right)}\]

    6. Simplified0.1

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(e^{e^{a \cdot x} - 1}\right)}\]

    if -2.71953442407974509e-5 < (* a x)

    1. Initial program 44.6

      \[e^{a \cdot x} - 1\]

    2. Taylor expanded around 0 13.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({a}^{3} \cdot {x}^{3}\right) + a \cdot x\right)}\]

    3. Simplified13.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right) + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({a}^{3} \cdot {x}^{3}\right)}\]

    4. Taylor expanded around 0 7.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) + a \cdot x}\]

    5. Simplified4.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)}\]

    6. Taylor expanded around 0 1.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot x}\]

    7. Simplified1.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot a}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

  4. Final simplification0.8

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \cdot x \le -2.71953442407974509 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(e^{e^{a \cdot x} - 1}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot a\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2020169 
(FPCore (a x)
  :name "expax (section 3.5)"
  :precision binary64
  :herbie-expected 14

  :herbie-target
  (if (< (fabs (* a x)) 0.1) (* (* a x) (+ 1.0 (+ (/ (* a x) 2.0) (/ (pow (* a x) 2.0) 6.0)))) (- (exp (* a x)) 1.0))

  (- (exp (* a x)) 1.0))