quad2p (problem 3.2.1, positive)

Average Error: 33.9 → 6.2

Time: 6.5s

Precision: binary64

Math

\[\frac{\left(-b_2\right) + \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}\]

↓

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b_2 \le -3.38365058981726599 \cdot 10^{85}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b_2} - 2 \cdot \frac{b_2}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b_2 \le -1.0382019606007427 \cdot 10^{-287}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b_2\right) + \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b_2 \le 4.727151746833199 \cdot 10^{148}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot \left(1 \cdot \frac{c}{\left(-b_2\right) - \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b_2}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b_2

Bits error versus c

Derivation

1. Split input into 4 regimes

2. if b_2 < -3.38365058981726599e85

   1. Initial program 44.1

      \[\frac{\left(-b_2\right) + \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}\]

   2. Taylor expanded around -inf 3.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b_2} - 2 \cdot \frac{b_2}{a}}\]

   if -3.38365058981726599e85 < b_2 < -1.0382019606007427e-287

   1. Initial program 8.8

      \[\frac{\left(-b_2\right) + \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}\]

   if -1.0382019606007427e-287 < b_2 < 4.727151746833199e148

   1. Initial program 33.0

      \[\frac{\left(-b_2\right) + \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}\]
   2. Using strategy rm

   3. Applied flip-+ 33.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b_2\right) \cdot \left(-b_2\right) - \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c} \cdot \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}{\left(-b_2\right) - \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}}}{a}\]

   4. Simplified 15.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{0 + a \cdot c}}{\left(-b_2\right) - \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}}{a}\]
   5. Using strategy rm

   6. Applied *-un-lft-identity 15.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 + a \cdot c}{\left(-b_2\right) - \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot a}}\]

   7. Applied *-un-lft-identity 15.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0 + a \cdot c}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(\left(-b_2\right) - \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}\right)}}}{1 \cdot a}\]

   8. Applied *-un-lft-identity 15.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(0 + a \cdot c\right)}}{1 \cdot \left(\left(-b_2\right) - \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}\right)}}{1 \cdot a}\]

   9. Applied times-frac 15.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{1} \cdot \frac{0 + a \cdot c}{\left(-b_2\right) - \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}}}{1 \cdot a}\]

   10. Applied times-frac 15.1

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{1}}{1} \cdot \frac{\frac{0 + a \cdot c}{\left(-b_2\right) - \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}}{a}}\]

   11. Simplified 15.1

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \cdot \frac{\frac{0 + a \cdot c}{\left(-b_2\right) - \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}}{a}\]

   12. Simplified 19.3

       \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot c}{a \cdot \left(\left(-b_2\right) - \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}\right)}}\]
   13. Using strategy rm

   14. Applied times-frac 7.6

       \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{a} \cdot \frac{c}{\left(-b_2\right) - \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}\right)}\]

   15. Simplified 7.6

       \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1} \cdot \frac{c}{\left(-b_2\right) - \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}\right)\]

   if 4.727151746833199e148 < b_2

   1. Initial program 63.4

      \[\frac{\left(-b_2\right) + \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}\]

   2. Taylor expanded around inf 1.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b_2}}\]
3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 6.2

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b_2 \le -3.38365058981726599 \cdot 10^{85}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b_2} - 2 \cdot \frac{b_2}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b_2 \le -1.0382019606007427 \cdot 10^{-287}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b_2\right) + \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b_2 \le 4.727151746833199 \cdot 10^{148}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot \left(1 \cdot \frac{c}{\left(-b_2\right) - \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b_2}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2020164 
(FPCore (a b_2 c)
  :name "quad2p (problem 3.2.1, positive)"
  :precision binary64
  (/ (+ (neg b_2) (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))) a))