Average Error: 33.0 → 24.5
Time: 12.0s
Precision: binary64
\[{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{1}{n} \le -2560936444375454700:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt[3]{e^{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}}\right) + \log \left(\sqrt[3]{e^{\sqrt[3]{{\left({\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}\right)}^{3}}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\frac{1}{n} \le 6.89513672280949267 \cdot 10^{-14}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\frac{1}{n}}{x} + 1 \cdot \left(0 - \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}{x \cdot {n}^{2}}\right)\right) - \frac{\frac{0.5}{n}}{{x}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{n}\right)} + \left(-{x}^{\left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{n}\right)}\right)}{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} + {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus n

Derivation

  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (/ 1.0 n) < -2560936444375454700

    1. Initial program 0

      \[{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied add-log-exp0

      \[\leadsto {\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{{x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}\right)}\]
    4. Applied add-log-exp0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}\right)} - \log \left(e^{{x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}\right)\]
    5. Applied diff-log0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{e^{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}}{e^{{x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}}\right)}\]
    6. Simplified0

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(e^{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}\right)}\]
    7. Using strategy rm
    8. Applied add-cube-cbrt0

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt[3]{e^{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{e^{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{e^{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}}\right)}\]
    9. Applied log-prod0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\sqrt[3]{e^{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{e^{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}}\right) + \log \left(\sqrt[3]{e^{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}}\right)}\]
    10. Simplified0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt[3]{e^{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}}\right)} + \log \left(\sqrt[3]{e^{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}}\right)\]
    11. Using strategy rm
    12. Applied add-cbrt-cube0

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt[3]{e^{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}}\right) + \log \left(\sqrt[3]{e^{\color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(\left({\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}\right) \cdot \left({\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}\right)}}}}\right)\]
    13. Simplified0

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt[3]{e^{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}}\right) + \log \left(\sqrt[3]{e^{\sqrt[3]{\color{blue}{{\left({\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}\right)}^{3}}}}}\right)\]

    if -2560936444375454700 < (/ 1.0 n) < 6.89513672280949267e-14

    1. Initial program 44.0

      \[{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}\]
    2. Taylor expanded around inf 33.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot \frac{1}{x \cdot n} + 1 \cdot \frac{\log 1}{x \cdot {n}^{2}}\right) - \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2} \cdot n} + 1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}{x \cdot {n}^{2}}\right)}\]
    3. Simplified32.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1}{n}}{x} + 1 \cdot \left(0 - \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}{x \cdot {n}^{2}}\right)\right) - \frac{\frac{0.5}{n}}{{x}^{2}}}\]

    if 6.89513672280949267e-14 < (/ 1.0 n)

    1. Initial program 9.1

      \[{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied flip--9.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} \cdot {\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} \cdot {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} + {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}}\]
    4. Simplified9.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{n}\right)} + \left(-{x}^{\left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{n}\right)}\right)}}{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} + {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}\]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification24.5

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{1}{n} \le -2560936444375454700:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt[3]{e^{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}}\right) + \log \left(\sqrt[3]{e^{\sqrt[3]{{\left({\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} - {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}\right)}^{3}}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\frac{1}{n} \le 6.89513672280949267 \cdot 10^{-14}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\frac{1}{n}}{x} + 1 \cdot \left(0 - \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}{x \cdot {n}^{2}}\right)\right) - \frac{\frac{0.5}{n}}{{x}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{n}\right)} + \left(-{x}^{\left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{n}\right)}\right)}{{\left(x + 1\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} + {x}^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2020147 
(FPCore (x n)
  :name "2nthrt (problem 3.4.6)"
  :precision binary64
  (- (pow (+ x 1.0) (/ 1.0 n)) (pow x (/ 1.0 n))))