Average Error: 58.5 → 0.3
Time: 6.8s
Precision: 64
\[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \log \left(\frac{1 + x}{1 - x}\right)\]
↓
\[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left({x}^{3}, 1.6666666666666665, \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \log 1, 2 \cdot x\right) - 1 \cdot \frac{{x}^{3}}{{1}^{2}}\right)\]
\frac{1}{2} \cdot \log \left(\frac{1 + x}{1 - x}\right)
↓
\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left({x}^{3}, 1.6666666666666665, \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \log 1, 2 \cdot x\right) - 1 \cdot \frac{{x}^{3}}{{1}^{2}}\right)
double code(double x) {
	return ((double) (((double) (1.0 / 2.0)) * ((double) log(((double) (((double) (1.0 + x)) / ((double) (1.0 - x))))))));
}
↓
double code(double x) {
	return ((double) (((double) (1.0 / 2.0)) * ((double) fma(((double) pow(x, 3.0)), 1.6666666666666665, ((double) (((double) fma(2.0, ((double) log(1.0)), ((double) (2.0 * x)))) - ((double) (1.0 * ((double) (((double) pow(x, 3.0)) / ((double) pow(1.0, 2.0))))))))))));
}

Error

Bits error versus x

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Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Derivation

  1. Initial program 58.5

    \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \log \left(\frac{1 + x}{1 - x}\right)\]
  2. Using strategy rm

  3. Applied flip3--58.5

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \log \left(\frac{1 + x}{\color{blue}{\frac{{1}^{3} - {x}^{3}}{1 \cdot 1 + \left(x \cdot x + 1 \cdot x\right)}}}\right)\]

  4. Applied associate-/r/58.5

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1 + x}{{1}^{3} - {x}^{3}} \cdot \left(1 \cdot 1 + \left(x \cdot x + 1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)}\]

  5. Applied log-prod58.5

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\frac{1 + x}{{1}^{3} - {x}^{3}}\right) + \log \left(1 \cdot 1 + \left(x \cdot x + 1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)}\]

  6. Taylor expanded around 0 0.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1.6666666666666665 \cdot {x}^{3} + \left(2 \cdot \log 1 + 2 \cdot x\right)\right) - 1 \cdot \frac{{x}^{3}}{{1}^{2}}\right)}\]

  7. Simplified0.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({x}^{3}, 1.6666666666666665, \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \log 1, 2 \cdot x\right) - 1 \cdot \frac{{x}^{3}}{{1}^{2}}\right)}\]

  8. Final simplification0.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left({x}^{3}, 1.6666666666666665, \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \log 1, 2 \cdot x\right) - 1 \cdot \frac{{x}^{3}}{{1}^{2}}\right)\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2020123 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x)
  :name "Hyperbolic arc-(co)tangent"
  :precision binary64
  (* (/ 1 2) (log (/ (+ 1 x) (- 1 x)))))