The quadratic formula (r1)

Average Error: 33.9 → 10.6

Time: 5.3s

Precision: 64

Math

\[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]

↓

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \le -9.61279552926933292 \cdot 10^{93}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot \left(\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \le 1.76145822117380694 \cdot 10^{-90}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}\\ \end{array}\]

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return ((-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a));
}

↓

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double VAR;
	if ((b <= -9.612795529269333e+93)) {
		VAR = (1.0 * ((c / b) - (b / a)));
	} else {
		double VAR_1;
		if ((b <= 1.761458221173807e-90)) {
			VAR_1 = (sqrt((-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))))) / ((2.0 * a) / sqrt((-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))))));
		} else {
			VAR_1 = (-1.0 * (c / b));
		}
		VAR = VAR_1;
	}
	return VAR;
}

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Bits error versus c

Target

Original	33.9
Target	20.5
Herbie	10.6

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \lt 0.0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{a \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}}\\ \end{array}\]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if b < -9.612795529269333e+93

   1. Initial program 45.1

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]

   2. Taylor expanded around -inf 4.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \frac{c}{b} - 1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}}\]

   3. Simplified 4.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\right)}\]

   if -9.612795529269333e+93 < b < 1.761458221173807e-90

   1. Initial program 13.2

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
   2. Using strategy rm

   3. Applied add-sqr-sqrt 13.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}} \cdot \sqrt{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}}{2 \cdot a}\]

   4. Applied associate-/l* 13.6

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}}}\]

   if 1.761458221173807e-90 < b

   1. Initial program 52.1

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]

   2. Taylor expanded around inf 9.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}}\]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 10.6

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \le -9.61279552926933292 \cdot 10^{93}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot \left(\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \le 1.76145822117380694 \cdot 10^{-90}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2020079 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "The quadratic formula (r1)"
  :precision binary64

  :herbie-target
  (if (< b 0.0) (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)) (/ c (* a (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)))))

  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)))