Average Error: 37.3 → 0.5
Time: 6.0s
Precision: 64
\[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
↓
\[\sin x \cdot \frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos \varepsilon - 1}{\cos \varepsilon + 1} + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\]
\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x
↓
\sin x \cdot \frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos \varepsilon - 1}{\cos \varepsilon + 1} + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon
double code(double x, double eps) {
	return (sin((x + eps)) - sin(x));
}
↓
double code(double x, double eps) {
	return ((sin(x) * (((cos(eps) * cos(eps)) - 1.0) / (cos(eps) + 1.0))) + (cos(x) * sin(eps)));
}

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original37.3
Target15.3
Herbie0.5
\[2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(x + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 37.3

    \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
  2. Using strategy rm

  3. Applied sin-sum21.9

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \sin x\]

  4. Applied associate--l+21.9

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \left(\cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon - \sin x\right)}\]

  5. Taylor expanded around inf 21.9

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + \sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) - \sin x}\]

  6. Simplified0.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin x \cdot \left(\cos \varepsilon - 1\right) + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}\]
  7. Using strategy rm

  8. Applied flip--0.5

    \[\leadsto \sin x \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos \varepsilon - 1 \cdot 1}{\cos \varepsilon + 1}} + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\]

  9. Simplified0.5

    \[\leadsto \sin x \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos \varepsilon - 1}}{\cos \varepsilon + 1} + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\]

  10. Final simplification0.5

    \[\leadsto \sin x \cdot \frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos \varepsilon - 1}{\cos \varepsilon + 1} + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2020049 
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2sin (example 3.3)"
  :precision binary64

  :herbie-target
  (* 2 (* (cos (+ x (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))

  (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))