Average Error: 63.0 → 0
Time: 3.3s
Precision: 64
\[n \gt 6.8 \cdot 10^{15}\]
\[\left(\left(n + 1\right) \cdot \log \left(n + 1\right) - n \cdot \log n\right) - 1\]
↓
\[\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{n}, 0.5 - \frac{0.16666666666666669}{n}, \log n \cdot 1\right)\]
\left(\left(n + 1\right) \cdot \log \left(n + 1\right) - n \cdot \log n\right) - 1
↓
\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{n}, 0.5 - \frac{0.16666666666666669}{n}, \log n \cdot 1\right)
double f(double n) {
        double r53149 = n;
        double r53150 = 1.0;
        double r53151 = r53149 + r53150;
        double r53152 = log(r53151);
        double r53153 = r53151 * r53152;
        double r53154 = log(r53149);
        double r53155 = r53149 * r53154;
        double r53156 = r53153 - r53155;
        double r53157 = r53156 - r53150;
        return r53157;
}
↓
double f(double n) {
        double r53158 = 1.0;
        double r53159 = n;
        double r53160 = r53158 / r53159;
        double r53161 = 0.5;
        double r53162 = 0.16666666666666669;
        double r53163 = r53162 / r53159;
        double r53164 = r53161 - r53163;
        double r53165 = log(r53159);
        double r53166 = 1.0;
        double r53167 = r53165 * r53166;
        double r53168 = fma(r53160, r53164, r53167);
        return r53168;
}

Error

Bits error versus n

Target

Original63.0
Target0.0
Herbie0
\[\log \left(n + 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot n} - \left(\frac{1}{3 \cdot \left(n \cdot n\right)} - \frac{4}{{n}^{3}}\right)\right)\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 63.0

    \[\left(\left(n + 1\right) \cdot \log \left(n + 1\right) - n \cdot \log n\right) - 1\]

  2. Simplified61.9

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log \left(n + 1\right), n + 1, -\mathsf{fma}\left(\log n, n, 1\right)\right)}\]

  3. Taylor expanded around inf 0.0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{n} - \left(1 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{n}\right) + 0.16666666666666669 \cdot \frac{1}{{n}^{2}}\right)}\]

  4. Simplified0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{n}, 0.5 - \frac{0.16666666666666669}{n}, \log n \cdot 1\right)}\]

  5. Final simplification0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{n}, 0.5 - \frac{0.16666666666666669}{n}, \log n \cdot 1\right)\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2020033 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (n)
  :name "logs (example 3.8)"
  :precision binary64
  :pre (> n 6.8e+15)

  :herbie-target
  (- (log (+ n 1)) (- (/ 1 (* 2 n)) (- (/ 1 (* 3 (* n n))) (/ 4 (pow n 3)))))

  (- (- (* (+ n 1) (log (+ n 1))) (* n (log n))) 1))