Average Error: 30.1 → 0.6
Time: 5.4s
Precision: 64
\[\left(e^{x} - 2\right) + e^{-x}\]
↓
\[\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{360}, {x}^{6}, \frac{1}{12} \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\right)\]
\left(e^{x} - 2\right) + e^{-x}
↓
\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{360}, {x}^{6}, \frac{1}{12} \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\right)
double f(double x) {
        double r130765 = x;
        double r130766 = exp(r130765);
        double r130767 = 2.0;
        double r130768 = r130766 - r130767;
        double r130769 = -r130765;
        double r130770 = exp(r130769);
        double r130771 = r130768 + r130770;
        return r130771;
}
↓
double f(double x) {
        double r130772 = x;
        double r130773 = 0.002777777777777778;
        double r130774 = 6.0;
        double r130775 = pow(r130772, r130774);
        double r130776 = 0.08333333333333333;
        double r130777 = 4.0;
        double r130778 = pow(r130772, r130777);
        double r130779 = r130776 * r130778;
        double r130780 = fma(r130773, r130775, r130779);
        double r130781 = fma(r130772, r130772, r130780);
        return r130781;
}

Error

Bits error versus x

Target

Original30.1
Target0.0
Herbie0.6
\[4 \cdot {\left(\sinh \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 30.1

    \[\left(e^{x} - 2\right) + e^{-x}\]

  2. Taylor expanded around 0 0.6

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{2} + \left(\frac{1}{360} \cdot {x}^{6} + \frac{1}{12} \cdot {x}^{4}\right)}\]

  3. Simplified0.6

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{360}, {x}^{6}, \frac{1}{12} \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\right)}\]

  4. Final simplification0.6

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{360}, {x}^{6}, \frac{1}{12} \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\right)\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2020024 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x)
  :name "exp2 (problem 3.3.7)"
  :precision binary64

  :herbie-target
  (* 4 (pow (sinh (/ x 2)) 2))

  (+ (- (exp x) 2) (exp (- x))))