Average Error: 14.6 → 0.4
Time: 2.2s
Precision: 64
\[\tan^{-1} \left(N + 1\right) - \tan^{-1} N\]
↓
\[\tan^{-1}_* \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(N, N + 1, 1\right)}\]
\tan^{-1} \left(N + 1\right) - \tan^{-1} N
↓
\tan^{-1}_* \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(N, N + 1, 1\right)}
double f(double N) {
        double r169351 = N;
        double r169352 = 1.0;
        double r169353 = r169351 + r169352;
        double r169354 = atan(r169353);
        double r169355 = atan(r169351);
        double r169356 = r169354 - r169355;
        return r169356;
}
↓
double f(double N) {
        double r169357 = 1.0;
        double r169358 = N;
        double r169359 = r169358 + r169357;
        double r169360 = 1.0;
        double r169361 = fma(r169358, r169359, r169360);
        double r169362 = atan2(r169357, r169361);
        return r169362;
}

Error

Bits error versus N

Target

Original14.6
Target0.4
Herbie0.4
\[\tan^{-1} \left(\frac{1}{1 + N \cdot \left(N + 1\right)}\right)\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 14.6

    \[\tan^{-1} \left(N + 1\right) - \tan^{-1} N\]
  2. Using strategy rm

  3. Applied diff-atan13.7

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(N + 1\right) - N}{1 + \left(N + 1\right) \cdot N}}\]

  4. Simplified0.4

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{1 + \left(N + 1\right) \cdot N}\]

  5. Simplified0.4

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(N, N + 1, 1\right)}}\]

  6. Final simplification0.4

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(N, N + 1, 1\right)}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2020021 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (N)
  :name "2atan (example 3.5)"
  :precision binary64

  :herbie-target
  (atan (/ 1 (+ 1 (* N (+ N 1)))))

  (- (atan (+ N 1)) (atan N)))