Midpoint on a great circle

Average Error: 0.9 → 0.3

Time: 11.1s

Precision: 64

Math

\[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\]

↓

\[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}{\frac{\sqrt[3]{{\left({\left(\cos \phi_1\right)}^{3}\right)}^{3}} + {\left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)}^{3}}{\left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2 - \cos \phi_1\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} + \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}\]

C

double f(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
        double r52670 = lambda1;
        double r52671 = phi2;
        double r52672 = cos(r52671);
        double r52673 = lambda2;
        double r52674 = r52670 - r52673;
        double r52675 = sin(r52674);
        double r52676 = r52672 * r52675;
        double r52677 = phi1;
        double r52678 = cos(r52677);
        double r52679 = cos(r52674);
        double r52680 = r52672 * r52679;
        double r52681 = r52678 + r52680;
        double r52682 = atan2(r52676, r52681);
        double r52683 = r52670 + r52682;
        return r52683;
}

↓

double f(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
        double r52684 = lambda1;
        double r52685 = phi2;
        double r52686 = cos(r52685);
        double r52687 = sin(r52684);
        double r52688 = lambda2;
        double r52689 = cos(r52688);
        double r52690 = r52687 * r52689;
        double r52691 = cos(r52684);
        double r52692 = -r52688;
        double r52693 = sin(r52692);
        double r52694 = r52691 * r52693;
        double r52695 = r52690 + r52694;
        double r52696 = r52686 * r52695;
        double r52697 = phi1;
        double r52698 = cos(r52697);
        double r52699 = 3.0;
        double r52700 = pow(r52698, r52699);
        double r52701 = pow(r52700, r52699);
        double r52702 = cbrt(r52701);
        double r52703 = r52691 * r52689;
        double r52704 = r52703 * r52686;
        double r52705 = pow(r52704, r52699);
        double r52706 = r52702 + r52705;
        double r52707 = r52704 - r52698;
        double r52708 = r52704 * r52707;
        double r52709 = r52698 * r52698;
        double r52710 = r52708 + r52709;
        double r52711 = r52706 / r52710;
        double r52712 = sin(r52688);
        double r52713 = r52687 * r52712;
        double r52714 = r52713 * r52686;
        double r52715 = r52711 + r52714;
        double r52716 = atan2(r52696, r52715);
        double r52717 = r52684 + r52716;
        return r52717;
}

Error

Bits error versus lambda1

Bits error versus lambda2

Bits error versus phi1

Bits error versus phi2

Derivation

1. Initial program 0.9

   \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\]
2. Using strategy rm

3. Applied sub-neg 0.9

   \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 + \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\]

4. Applied sin-sum 0.9

   \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right) + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\]

5. Simplified 0.9

   \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2} + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\]
6. Using strategy rm

7. Applied cos-diff 0.2

   \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}}\]

8. Applied distribute-rgt-in 0.2

   \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}{\cos \phi_1 + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2 + \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)}}\]

9. Applied associate-+r+ 0.2

   \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 + \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) + \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}\]
10. Using strategy rm

11. Applied flip3-+ 0.3

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\cos \phi_1\right)}^{3} + {\left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)}^{3}}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1 + \left(\left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)\right)}} + \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}\]

12. Simplified 0.3

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}{\frac{{\left(\cos \phi_1\right)}^{3} + {\left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)}^{3}}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2 - \cos \phi_1\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} + \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}\]
13. Using strategy rm

14. Applied add-cbrt-cube 0.3

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}{\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left({\left(\cos \phi_1\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\cos \phi_1\right)}^{3}\right) \cdot {\left(\cos \phi_1\right)}^{3}}} + {\left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)}^{3}}{\left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2 - \cos \phi_1\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} + \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}\]

15. Simplified 0.3

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}{\frac{\sqrt[3]{\color{blue}{{\left({\left(\cos \phi_1\right)}^{3}\right)}^{3}}} + {\left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)}^{3}}{\left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2 - \cos \phi_1\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} + \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}\]

16. Final simplification 0.3

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}{\frac{\sqrt[3]{{\left({\left(\cos \phi_1\right)}^{3}\right)}^{3}} + {\left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)}^{3}}{\left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2 - \cos \phi_1\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} + \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2020021 
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
  :name "Midpoint on a great circle"
  :precision binary64
  (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (cos phi2) (sin (- lambda1 lambda2))) (+ (cos phi1) (* (cos phi2) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)))))))