Average Error: 37.1 → 15.1
Time: 27.6s
Precision: 64
\[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -1.063411921076795502138845593884088192778 \cdot 10^{-69}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \frac{\tan x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}, 1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon, -\tan x\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\varepsilon \le 7.60970569110987615975455365802284218756 \cdot 10^{-27}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x, {\varepsilon}^{2}, \mathsf{fma}\left({x}^{2}, \varepsilon, \varepsilon\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} + \tan x}\\ \end{array}\]
\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -1.063411921076795502138845593884088192778 \cdot 10^{-69}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \frac{\tan x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}, 1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon, -\tan x\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;\varepsilon \le 7.60970569110987615975455365802284218756 \cdot 10^{-27}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x, {\varepsilon}^{2}, \mathsf{fma}\left({x}^{2}, \varepsilon, \varepsilon\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} + \tan x}\\

\end{array}
double f(double x, double eps) {
        double r94275 = x;
        double r94276 = eps;
        double r94277 = r94275 + r94276;
        double r94278 = tan(r94277);
        double r94279 = tan(r94275);
        double r94280 = r94278 - r94279;
        return r94280;
}

double f(double x, double eps) {
        double r94281 = eps;
        double r94282 = -1.0634119210767955e-69;
        bool r94283 = r94281 <= r94282;
        double r94284 = x;
        double r94285 = tan(r94284);
        double r94286 = tan(r94281);
        double r94287 = r94285 + r94286;
        double r94288 = 1.0;
        double r94289 = r94285 * r94286;
        double r94290 = sin(r94281);
        double r94291 = r94285 * r94290;
        double r94292 = cos(r94281);
        double r94293 = r94291 / r94292;
        double r94294 = r94289 * r94293;
        double r94295 = r94288 - r94294;
        double r94296 = r94287 / r94295;
        double r94297 = r94288 + r94289;
        double r94298 = -r94285;
        double r94299 = fma(r94296, r94297, r94298);
        double r94300 = 7.609705691109876e-27;
        bool r94301 = r94281 <= r94300;
        double r94302 = 2.0;
        double r94303 = pow(r94281, r94302);
        double r94304 = pow(r94284, r94302);
        double r94305 = fma(r94304, r94281, r94281);
        double r94306 = fma(r94284, r94303, r94305);
        double r94307 = r94288 - r94289;
        double r94308 = r94287 / r94307;
        double r94309 = r94308 * r94308;
        double r94310 = r94285 * r94285;
        double r94311 = r94309 - r94310;
        double r94312 = r94308 + r94285;
        double r94313 = r94311 / r94312;
        double r94314 = r94301 ? r94306 : r94313;
        double r94315 = r94283 ? r94299 : r94314;
        return r94315;
}

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Target

Original37.1
Target15.5
Herbie15.1
\[\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if eps < -1.0634119210767955e-69

    1. Initial program 30.6

      \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied tan-sum5.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x\]
    4. Using strategy rm
    5. Applied flip--5.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}}} - \tan x\]
    6. Applied associate-/r/5.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)} - \tan x\]
    7. Applied fma-neg5.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}, 1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon, -\tan x\right)}\]
    8. Using strategy rm
    9. Applied tan-quot5.5

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}\right)}, 1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon, -\tan x\right)\]
    10. Applied associate-*r/5.5

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}}, 1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon, -\tan x\right)\]

    if -1.0634119210767955e-69 < eps < 7.609705691109876e-27

    1. Initial program 46.6

      \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied tan-sum46.6

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x\]
    4. Using strategy rm
    5. Applied flip--46.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}}} - \tan x\]
    6. Applied associate-/r/46.6

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)} - \tan x\]
    7. Applied fma-neg46.6

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}, 1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon, -\tan x\right)}\]
    8. Taylor expanded around 0 30.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} + \left(\varepsilon + {x}^{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right)}\]
    9. Simplified30.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, {\varepsilon}^{2}, \mathsf{fma}\left({x}^{2}, \varepsilon, \varepsilon\right)\right)}\]

    if 7.609705691109876e-27 < eps

    1. Initial program 30.3

      \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied tan-sum1.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x\]
    4. Using strategy rm
    5. Applied flip--2.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} + \tan x}}\]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification15.1

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -1.063411921076795502138845593884088192778 \cdot 10^{-69}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \frac{\tan x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}, 1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon, -\tan x\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\varepsilon \le 7.60970569110987615975455365802284218756 \cdot 10^{-27}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x, {\varepsilon}^{2}, \mathsf{fma}\left({x}^{2}, \varepsilon, \varepsilon\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} + \tan x}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019209 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2tan (problem 3.3.2)"
  :precision binary64

  :herbie-target
  (/ (sin eps) (* (cos x) (cos (+ x eps))))

  (- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))