Toniolo and Linder, Equation (13)

Average Error: 34.3 → 29.2

Time: 1.3m

Precision: 64

Math

\[\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]

↓

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \le -9.379719815826530589603530820932364731187 \cdot 10^{241}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(t - \frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \left(\ell \cdot 2\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \le -3.772245666195913577646904748734404208118 \cdot 10^{-180}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)\right) - \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot n\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \le 1.39311700673337772156748504137624422583 \cdot 10^{-4}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(\left(-\ell \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right) \cdot 2 - \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot n\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) + \left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot t}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(t - 2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)\right) - \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot n\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U}\\ \end{array}\]

C

double f(double n, double U, double t, double l, double Om, double U_) {
        double r3679528 = 2.0;
        double r3679529 = n;
        double r3679530 = r3679528 * r3679529;
        double r3679531 = U;
        double r3679532 = r3679530 * r3679531;
        double r3679533 = t;
        double r3679534 = l;
        double r3679535 = r3679534 * r3679534;
        double r3679536 = Om;
        double r3679537 = r3679535 / r3679536;
        double r3679538 = r3679528 * r3679537;
        double r3679539 = r3679533 - r3679538;
        double r3679540 = r3679534 / r3679536;
        double r3679541 = pow(r3679540, r3679528);
        double r3679542 = r3679529 * r3679541;
        double r3679543 = U_;
        double r3679544 = r3679531 - r3679543;
        double r3679545 = r3679542 * r3679544;
        double r3679546 = r3679539 - r3679545;
        double r3679547 = r3679532 * r3679546;
        double r3679548 = sqrt(r3679547);
        return r3679548;
}

↓

double f(double n, double U, double t, double l, double Om, double U_) {
        double r3679549 = t;
        double r3679550 = -9.37971981582653e+241;
        bool r3679551 = r3679549 <= r3679550;
        double r3679552 = 2.0;
        double r3679553 = n;
        double r3679554 = r3679552 * r3679553;
        double r3679555 = U;
        double r3679556 = r3679554 * r3679555;
        double r3679557 = l;
        double r3679558 = Om;
        double r3679559 = r3679557 / r3679558;
        double r3679560 = r3679557 * r3679552;
        double r3679561 = r3679559 * r3679560;
        double r3679562 = r3679549 - r3679561;
        double r3679563 = r3679556 * r3679562;
        double r3679564 = sqrt(r3679563);
        double r3679565 = -3.7722456661959136e-180;
        bool r3679566 = r3679549 <= r3679565;
        double r3679567 = r3679557 * r3679559;
        double r3679568 = r3679552 * r3679567;
        double r3679569 = r3679549 - r3679568;
        double r3679570 = 2.0;
        double r3679571 = r3679552 / r3679570;
        double r3679572 = pow(r3679559, r3679571);
        double r3679573 = r3679572 * r3679553;
        double r3679574 = U_;
        double r3679575 = r3679555 - r3679574;
        double r3679576 = r3679572 * r3679575;
        double r3679577 = r3679573 * r3679576;
        double r3679578 = r3679569 - r3679577;
        double r3679579 = r3679555 * r3679578;
        double r3679580 = r3679554 * r3679579;
        double r3679581 = sqrt(r3679580);
        double r3679582 = 0.00013931170067333777;
        bool r3679583 = r3679549 <= r3679582;
        double r3679584 = -r3679567;
        double r3679585 = r3679584 * r3679552;
        double r3679586 = r3679585 - r3679577;
        double r3679587 = r3679586 * r3679556;
        double r3679588 = r3679556 * r3679549;
        double r3679589 = r3679587 + r3679588;
        double r3679590 = sqrt(r3679589);
        double r3679591 = sqrt(r3679578);
        double r3679592 = sqrt(r3679556);
        double r3679593 = r3679591 * r3679592;
        double r3679594 = r3679583 ? r3679590 : r3679593;
        double r3679595 = r3679566 ? r3679581 : r3679594;
        double r3679596 = r3679551 ? r3679564 : r3679595;
        return r3679596;
}

Error

Bits error versus n

Bits error versus U

Bits error versus t

Bits error versus l

Bits error versus Om

Bits error versus U*

Derivation

1. Split input into 4 regimes

2. if t < -9.37971981582653e+241

   1. Initial program 41.0

      \[\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
   2. Using strategy rm

   3. Applied sqr-pow 41.0

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \left(n \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]

   4. Applied associate-*r* 40.8

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \color{blue}{\left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right)} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
   5. Using strategy rm

   6. Applied *-un-lft-identity 40.8

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot Om}}\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]

   7. Applied times-frac 38.5

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell}{1} \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]

   8. Simplified 38.5

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]

   9. Taylor expanded around 0 40.3

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{Om}\right)}}\]

   10. Simplified 37.9

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t - \frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \ell\right)\right)}}\]

   if -9.37971981582653e+241 < t < -3.7722456661959136e-180

   1. Initial program 32.6

      \[\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
   2. Using strategy rm

   3. Applied sqr-pow 32.6

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \left(n \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]

   4. Applied associate-*r* 31.8

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \color{blue}{\left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right)} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
   5. Using strategy rm

   6. Applied *-un-lft-identity 31.8

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot Om}}\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]

   7. Applied times-frac 29.0

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell}{1} \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]

   8. Simplified 29.0

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
   9. Using strategy rm

   10. Applied associate-*l* 29.1

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\right)}\]
   11. Using strategy rm

   12. Applied associate-*l* 28.8

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)\right)}}\]

   if -3.7722456661959136e-180 < t < 0.00013931170067333777

   1. Initial program 35.0

      \[\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
   2. Using strategy rm

   3. Applied sqr-pow 35.0

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \left(n \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]

   4. Applied associate-*r* 33.9

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \color{blue}{\left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right)} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
   5. Using strategy rm

   6. Applied *-un-lft-identity 33.9

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot Om}}\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]

   7. Applied times-frac 30.6

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell}{1} \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]

   8. Simplified 30.6

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
   9. Using strategy rm

   10. Applied associate-*l* 29.8

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\right)}\]
   11. Using strategy rm

   12. Applied sub-neg 29.8

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)\right)\right)} - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)}\]

   13. Applied associate--l+ 29.8

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(\left(-2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)\right)}}\]

   14. Applied distribute-lft-in 29.8

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot t + \left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(-2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)}}\]

   if 0.00013931170067333777 < t

   1. Initial program 34.4

      \[\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
   2. Using strategy rm

   3. Applied sqr-pow 34.4

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \left(n \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]

   4. Applied associate-*r* 34.0

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \color{blue}{\left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right)} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
   5. Using strategy rm

   6. Applied *-un-lft-identity 34.0

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot Om}}\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]

   7. Applied times-frac 31.7

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell}{1} \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]

   8. Simplified 31.7

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
   9. Using strategy rm

   10. Applied associate-*l* 32.0

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\right)}\]
   11. Using strategy rm

   12. Applied sqrt-prod 27.2

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U} \cdot \sqrt{\left(t - 2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}}\]
3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 29.2

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \le -9.379719815826530589603530820932364731187 \cdot 10^{241}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(t - \frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \left(\ell \cdot 2\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \le -3.772245666195913577646904748734404208118 \cdot 10^{-180}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)\right) - \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot n\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \le 1.39311700673337772156748504137624422583 \cdot 10^{-4}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(\left(-\ell \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right) \cdot 2 - \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot n\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) + \left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot t}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(t - 2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)\right) - \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot n\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019172 
(FPCore (n U t l Om U*)
  :name "Toniolo and Linder, Equation (13)"
  (sqrt (* (* (* 2.0 n) U) (- (- t (* 2.0 (/ (* l l) Om))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2.0)) (- U U*))))))