Average Error: 37.1 → 13.1
Time: 47.7s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
\[\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) + \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Target

Original37.1
Target14.8
Herbie13.1
\[\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 37.1

    \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
  2. Using strategy rm
  3. Applied tan-sum22.2

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x\]
  4. Taylor expanded around -inf 22.2

    \[\leadsto \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}}} - \tan x\]
  5. Taylor expanded around inf 22.3

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)} + \frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right) - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}\]
  6. Using strategy rm
  7. Applied associate--l+13.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)} + \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}\]
  8. Final simplification13.1

    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) + \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019093 
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2tan (problem 3.3.2)"

  :herbie-target
  (/ (sin eps) (* (cos x) (cos (+ x eps))))

  (- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))