Average Error: 16.8 → 3.7
Time: 53.1s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R\]
↓
\[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\left(\sqrt[3]{\sin \lambda_1} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\sin \lambda_1}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{\sin \lambda_1} \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) + \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot R\]

Error

Bits error versus R

Bits error versus lambda1

Bits error versus lambda2

Bits error versus phi1

Bits error versus phi2

Derivation

  1. Initial program 16.8

    \[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R\]
  2. Using strategy rm

  3. Applied cos-diff3.6

    \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}\right) \cdot R\]

  4. Taylor expanded around 0 3.6

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{R \cdot \cos^{-1} \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right) + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)\right) + \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\right)\right)}\]

  5. Simplified3.6

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{R \cdot \cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)\right)}\]
  6. Using strategy rm

  7. Applied add-cube-cbrt3.7

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1 + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt[3]{\sin \lambda_1} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\sin \lambda_1}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\sin \lambda_1}\right)} \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)\right)\]

  8. Applied associate-*l*3.7

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1 + \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt[3]{\sin \lambda_1} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\sin \lambda_1}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{\sin \lambda_1} \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)\right)\]

  9. Final simplification3.7

    \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\left(\sqrt[3]{\sin \lambda_1} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\sin \lambda_1}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{\sin \lambda_1} \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) + \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot R\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019088 
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
  :name "Spherical law of cosines"
  (* (acos (+ (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2)) (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))) R))