Average Error: 31.5 → 0.3
Time: 27.3s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{x - \sin x}{x - \tan x}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -2.483835736481269:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(1 - \frac{\sin x}{x}\right) - \frac{\sin x}{x} \cdot \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x} \cdot \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x} + \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \le 2.4636600637860053:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{9}{40} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) - {x}^{4} \cdot \frac{27}{2800}\right) - \frac{1}{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(1 - \frac{\sin x}{x}\right) - \frac{\sin x}{x} \cdot \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x} \cdot \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x} + \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x}\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < -2.483835736481269 or 2.4636600637860053 < x

    1. Initial program 0.0

      \[\frac{x - \sin x}{x - \tan x}\]
    2. Taylor expanded around -inf 0.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(\frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}} + \frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot x}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{\sin x}{x} + \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2}}{\cos x \cdot {x}^{2}}\right)}\]
    3. Simplified0.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x} + \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x} \cdot \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x}\right) + \left(\left(1 - \frac{\sin x}{x}\right) - \frac{\sin x}{x} \cdot \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x}\right)}\]

    if -2.483835736481269 < x < 2.4636600637860053

    1. Initial program 62.4

      \[\frac{x - \sin x}{x - \tan x}\]
    2. Taylor expanded around 0 0.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{9}{40} \cdot {x}^{2} - \left(\frac{27}{2800} \cdot {x}^{4} + \frac{1}{2}\right)}\]
    3. Simplified0.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{9}{40} - \left({x}^{4} \cdot \frac{27}{2800} - \frac{-1}{2}\right)}\]
    4. Using strategy rm
    5. Applied sub-neg0.2

      \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{9}{40} - \color{blue}{\left({x}^{4} \cdot \frac{27}{2800} + \left(-\frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)}\]
    6. Applied associate--r+0.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{9}{40} - {x}^{4} \cdot \frac{27}{2800}\right) - \left(-\frac{-1}{2}\right)}\]
    7. Simplified0.2

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{9}{40} - {x}^{4} \cdot \frac{27}{2800}\right) - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.3

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -2.483835736481269:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(1 - \frac{\sin x}{x}\right) - \frac{\sin x}{x} \cdot \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x} \cdot \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x} + \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \le 2.4636600637860053:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{9}{40} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) - {x}^{4} \cdot \frac{27}{2800}\right) - \frac{1}{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(1 - \frac{\sin x}{x}\right) - \frac{\sin x}{x} \cdot \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x} \cdot \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x} + \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{x}\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019068 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "sintan (problem 3.4.5)"
  (/ (- x (sin x)) (- x (tan x))))