Average Error: 9.8 → 0.1
Time: 21.7s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\left(\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x - 1}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -111.3179509466544:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{{x}^{7}} + \left(\frac{2}{{x}^{5}} + \frac{\frac{\frac{2}{x}}{x}}{x}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \le 100.4107829322131:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{1}{1 + x} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x - 1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{{x}^{7}} + \left(\frac{2}{{x}^{5}} + \frac{\frac{\frac{2}{x}}{x}}{x}\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Target

Original9.8
Target0.2
Herbie0.1
\[\frac{2}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot x - 1\right)}\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < -111.3179509466544 or 100.4107829322131 < x

    1. Initial program 19.7

      \[\left(\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x - 1}\]
    2. Taylor expanded around -inf 0.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{7}} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{3}} + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{5}}\right)}\]
    3. Simplified0.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{{x}^{7}} + \left(\frac{\frac{2}{x \cdot x}}{x} + \frac{2}{{x}^{5}}\right)}\]
    4. Using strategy rm
    5. Applied associate-/r*0.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{{x}^{7}} + \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{x}}{x}}}{x} + \frac{2}{{x}^{5}}\right)\]

    if -111.3179509466544 < x < 100.4107829322131

    1. Initial program 0.1

      \[\left(\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x - 1}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.1

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -111.3179509466544:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{{x}^{7}} + \left(\frac{2}{{x}^{5}} + \frac{\frac{\frac{2}{x}}{x}}{x}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \le 100.4107829322131:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{1}{1 + x} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x - 1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{{x}^{7}} + \left(\frac{2}{{x}^{5}} + \frac{\frac{\frac{2}{x}}{x}}{x}\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019053 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x)
  :name "3frac (problem 3.3.3)"

  :herbie-target
  (/ 2 (* x (- (* x x) 1)))

  (+ (- (/ 1 (+ x 1)) (/ 2 x)) (/ 1 (- x 1))))