Average Error: 10.1 → 0.1
Time: 36.4s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\left(\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x - 1}\]
\[\frac{\frac{2}{(x \cdot x + x)_*}}{x - 1}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Target

Original10.1
Target0.3
Herbie0.1
\[\frac{2}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot x - 1\right)}\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 10.1

    \[\left(\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x - 1}\]
  2. Using strategy rm
  3. Applied frac-sub26.3

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot x - \left(x + 1\right) \cdot 2}{\left(x + 1\right) \cdot x}} + \frac{1}{x - 1}\]
  4. Simplified26.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{(-1 \cdot x + -2)_*}}{\left(x + 1\right) \cdot x} + \frac{1}{x - 1}\]
  5. Simplified26.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{(-1 \cdot x + -2)_*}{\color{blue}{(x \cdot x + x)_*}} + \frac{1}{x - 1}\]
  6. Using strategy rm
  7. Applied frac-add25.5

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{(-1 \cdot x + -2)_* \cdot \left(x - 1\right) + (x \cdot x + x)_* \cdot 1}{(x \cdot x + x)_* \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}}\]
  8. Simplified25.5

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot x - x\right) + 2\right) - \left(x \cdot x - x\right)}}{(x \cdot x + x)_* \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}\]
  9. Taylor expanded around inf 0.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2}}{(x \cdot x + x)_* \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}\]
  10. Using strategy rm
  11. Applied associate-/r*0.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{(x \cdot x + x)_*}}{x - 1}}\]
  12. Final simplification0.1

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{(x \cdot x + x)_*}}{x - 1}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019051 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x)
  :name "3frac (problem 3.3.3)"

  :herbie-target
  (/ 2 (* x (- (* x x) 1)))

  (+ (- (/ 1 (+ x 1)) (/ 2 x)) (/ 1 (- x 1))))