Average Error: 31.2 → 0.0
Time: 31.8s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{x - \sin x}{x - \tan x}\]
↓
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -0.028186620563028855:\\ \;\;\;\;(e^{\log_* (1 + \frac{x - \sin x}{x - \tan x})} - 1)^*\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \le 0.0277515710462864:\\ \;\;\;\;(\left({x}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{-27}{2800} + \left((\left(\frac{9}{40} \cdot x\right) \cdot x + \frac{-1}{2})_*\right))_*\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;(e^{\log_* (1 + \frac{x - \sin x}{x - \tan x})} - 1)^*\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes

  2. if x < -0.028186620563028855 or 0.0277515710462864 < x

    1. Initial program 0.0

      \[\frac{x - \sin x}{x - \tan x}\]
    2. Using strategy rm

    3. Applied expm1-log1p-u0.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(e^{\log_* (1 + \frac{x - \sin x}{x - \tan x})} - 1)^*}\]

    if -0.028186620563028855 < x < 0.0277515710462864

    1. Initial program 62.9

      \[\frac{x - \sin x}{x - \tan x}\]

    2. Taylor expanded around 0 0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{9}{40} \cdot {x}^{2} - \left(\frac{27}{2800} \cdot {x}^{4} + \frac{1}{2}\right)}\]

    3. Simplified0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(\left({x}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{-27}{2800} + \left((\left(\frac{9}{40} \cdot x\right) \cdot x + \frac{-1}{2})_*\right))_*}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

  4. Final simplification0.0

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -0.028186620563028855:\\ \;\;\;\;(e^{\log_* (1 + \frac{x - \sin x}{x - \tan x})} - 1)^*\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \le 0.0277515710462864:\\ \;\;\;\;(\left({x}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{-27}{2800} + \left((\left(\frac{9}{40} \cdot x\right) \cdot x + \frac{-1}{2})_*\right))_*\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;(e^{\log_* (1 + \frac{x - \sin x}{x - \tan x})} - 1)^*\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019051 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x)
  :name "sintan (problem 3.4.5)"
  (/ (- x (sin x)) (- x (tan x))))