Average Error: 36.7 → 0.6
Time: 15.0s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -2.070306630641616 \cdot 10^{-05} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \le 6.482266665953742 \cdot 10^{-19}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original36.7
Target14.8
Herbie0.6
\[2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(x + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if eps < -2.070306630641616e-05 or 6.482266665953742e-19 < eps

    1. Initial program 29.4

      \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied sin-sum0.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \sin x\]

    if -2.070306630641616e-05 < eps < 6.482266665953742e-19

    1. Initial program 44.6

      \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied diff-sin44.6

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) + x}{2}\right)\right)}\]
    4. Simplified0.3

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.6

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -2.070306630641616 \cdot 10^{-05} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \le 6.482266665953742 \cdot 10^{-19}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019022 
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2sin (example 3.3)"

  :herbie-target
  (* 2 (* (cos (+ x (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))

  (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))

Details

Time bar (total: 14.0s)Debug log

sample181.0ms

Algorithm
intervals
Results
74.0ms97×body1280valid
49.0ms66×body640valid
29.0ms21×body2560valid
7.0ms19×body320valid
5.0ms16×body160valid
4.0ms37×body80valid

simplify8.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls
1 calls:
Slowest
8.0ms
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))

prune11.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 38.3b

localize27.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

3.9b
(sin (+ x eps))
1.4b
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))

rewrite48.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Rules
add-log-exp
*-un-lft-identity
add-sqr-sqrt
add-cube-cbrt
add-exp-log
sin-sum
add-cbrt-cube
pow1
difference-of-squares
distribute-lft-out--
flip--
associate--l+
diff-sin
diff-log
flip3--
sub-neg
Counts
2 → 24
Calls
2 calls:
Slowest
43.0ms
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))
4.0ms
(sin (+ x eps))

series79.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls
2 calls:
Slowest
50.0ms
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))
29.0ms
(sin (+ x eps))

simplify750.0ms

Counts
13 → 30
Calls
13 calls:
Slowest
377.0ms
(- (sqrt (sin (+ x eps))) (sqrt (sin x)))
244.0ms
(- eps (+ (* 1/2 (* x (pow eps 2))) (* 1/2 (* (pow x 2) eps))))
60.0ms
(- (+ x eps) (* 1/6 (pow x 3)))
20.0ms
(/ (exp (sin (+ x eps))) (exp (sin x)))
18.0ms
(* (sin (/ (- (+ x eps) x) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x eps) x) 2)))

prune255.0ms

Pruning

4 alts after pruning (4 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.2b

localize42.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

4.0b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.2b
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))

rewrite10.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Rules
add-cube-cbrt
add-exp-log
add-cbrt-cube
*-un-lft-identity
pow1
add-sqr-sqrt
associate-*l*
associate-*r*
add-log-exp
cbrt-unprod
*-commutative
prod-exp
pow-prod-down
Counts
2 → 24
Calls
2 calls:
Slowest
6.0ms
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))
4.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

series84.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls
2 calls:
Slowest
66.0ms
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))
18.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify623.0ms

Counts
14 → 30
Calls
14 calls:
Slowest
244.0ms
(- (* 1/2 eps) (+ (* 1/4 (* x (pow eps 2))) (* 1/4 (* (pow x 2) eps))))
151.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
106.0ms
(* (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (* (* (sin (/ eps 2)) (sin (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))
21.0ms
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))
18.0ms
(+ (log (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (log (sin (/ eps 2))))

prune378.0ms

Pruning

9 alts after pruning (8 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0.2b

localize21.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

4.0b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
4.0b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
4.0b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.5b
(cbrt (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))

rewrite30.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Rules
add-log-exp
add-cube-cbrt
add-exp-log
add-cbrt-cube
*-un-lft-identity
pow1
add-sqr-sqrt
rem-cbrt-cube
cos-mult
associate-*l/
pow3
pow1/3
cbrt-div
cbrt-prod
Counts
4 → 32
Calls
4 calls:
Slowest
12.0ms
(cbrt (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))
7.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
6.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
4.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

series96.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls
4 calls:
Slowest
26.0ms
(cbrt (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))
26.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
25.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
19.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify831.0ms

Counts
15 → 44
Calls
15 calls:
Slowest
185.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
150.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
150.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
132.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
77.0ms
(cbrt (* (+ (cos (+ (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2) (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (- (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2) (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))

prune503.0ms

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (7 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0.2b

localize22.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

4.0b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
4.0b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
4.0b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.5b
(cbrt (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))))

rewrite21.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Rules
add-log-exp
add-cube-cbrt
add-exp-log
add-cbrt-cube
*-un-lft-identity
pow1
add-sqr-sqrt
cos-mult
associate-*l/
pow1/3
cbrt-div
cbrt-prod
Counts
4 → 31
Calls
4 calls:
Slowest
7.0ms
(cbrt (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))))
5.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
4.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
4.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

series77.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls
4 calls:
Slowest
21.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
20.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
19.0ms
(cbrt (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))))
18.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify789.0ms

Counts
14 → 43
Calls
14 calls:
Slowest
167.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
162.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
150.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
149.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
41.0ms
(cbrt (* (+ (cos (+ (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2) (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (- (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2) (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))) (log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))))

prune594.0ms

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (6 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0.2b

regimes220.0ms

Accuracy

98.5% (0.2b remaining)

Error of 0.6b against oracle of 0.3b and baseline of 14.8b

bsearch260.0ms

end0.0ms

sample8.0s

Algorithm
intervals
Results
4.3s3259×body1280valid
1.4s651×body2560valid
1.4s1822×body640valid
381.0ms785×body320valid
153.0ms1122×body80valid
140.0ms361×body160valid