Average Error: 36.9 → 0.5
Time: 14.7s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -1.1520928948833451 \cdot 10^{-08} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \le 6.915252396711743 \cdot 10^{-15}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original36.9
Target15.0
Herbie0.5
\[2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(x + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if eps < -1.1520928948833451e-08 or 6.915252396711743e-15 < eps

    1. Initial program 29.8

      \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied sin-sum0.7

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \sin x\]

    if -1.1520928948833451e-08 < eps < 6.915252396711743e-15

    1. Initial program 44.5

      \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied diff-sin44.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) + x}{2}\right)\right)}\]
    4. Simplified0.2

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.5

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -1.1520928948833451 \cdot 10^{-08} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \le 6.915252396711743 \cdot 10^{-15}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019018 
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2sin (example 3.3)"

  :herbie-target
  (* 2 (* (cos (+ x (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))

  (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))

Details

Time bar (total: 13.7s)Debug log

sample168.0ms

Algorithm
intervals
Results
74.0ms98×body1280valid
33.0ms60×body640valid
32.0ms17×body2560valid
15.0ms37×body320valid
4.0ms35×body80valid
2.0msbody160valid

simplify7.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls
1 calls:
Slowest
7.0ms
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))

prune5.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 37.2b

localize13.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

3.7b
(sin (+ x eps))
1.5b
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))

rewrite26.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Rules
add-log-exp
*-un-lft-identity
add-sqr-sqrt
add-cube-cbrt
add-exp-log
sin-sum
add-cbrt-cube
pow1
difference-of-squares
distribute-lft-out--
flip--
associate--l+
diff-sin
diff-log
flip3--
sub-neg
Counts
2 → 24
Calls
2 calls:
Slowest
6.0ms
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))
2.0ms
(sin (+ x eps))

series77.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls
2 calls:
Slowest
52.0ms
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))
26.0ms
(sin (+ x eps))

simplify400.0ms

Counts
13 → 30
Calls
13 calls:
Slowest
261.0ms
(- eps (+ (* 1/2 (* x (pow eps 2))) (* 1/2 (* (pow x 2) eps))))
44.0ms
(- (+ x eps) (* 1/6 (pow x 3)))
25.0ms
(/ (exp (sin (+ x eps))) (exp (sin x)))
22.0ms
(* (sin (/ (- (+ x eps) x) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x eps) x) 2)))
13.0ms
(- (sqrt (sin (+ x eps))) (sqrt (sin x)))

prune253.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.3b

localize26.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

3.7b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.2b
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))

rewrite21.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Rules
add-cube-cbrt
add-exp-log
add-cbrt-cube
*-un-lft-identity
pow1
add-sqr-sqrt
associate-*l*
associate-*r*
add-log-exp
cbrt-unprod
*-commutative
prod-exp
pow-prod-down
Counts
2 → 24
Calls
2 calls:
Slowest
12.0ms
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))
9.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

series89.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls
2 calls:
Slowest
71.0ms
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))
18.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify769.0ms

Counts
14 → 30
Calls
14 calls:
Slowest
324.0ms
(- (* 1/2 eps) (+ (* 1/4 (* x (pow eps 2))) (* 1/4 (* (pow x 2) eps))))
225.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
100.0ms
(* (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (* (* (sin (/ eps 2)) (sin (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))
27.0ms
(* (cos (* 1/2 (+ (* 2 x) eps))) (sin (* 1/2 eps)))
15.0ms
(* (cbrt (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cbrt (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))

prune332.0ms

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (7 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0.3b

localize30.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

3.7b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
3.7b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
3.7b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.4b
(cbrt (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))

rewrite24.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Rules
add-log-exp
add-cube-cbrt
add-exp-log
add-cbrt-cube
*-un-lft-identity
pow1
add-sqr-sqrt
rem-cbrt-cube
cos-mult
associate-*l/
pow3
pow1/3
cbrt-div
cbrt-prod
Counts
4 → 32
Calls
4 calls:
Slowest
8.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
7.0ms
(cbrt (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))
5.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
4.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

series89.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls
4 calls:
Slowest
32.0ms
(cbrt (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))
23.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
17.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
17.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify891.0ms

Counts
15 → 44
Calls
15 calls:
Slowest
207.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
159.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
158.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
155.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
45.0ms
(cbrt (* (+ (cos (+ (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2) (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (- (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2) (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))

prune498.0ms

Pruning

9 alts after pruning (7 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0.3b

localize27.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

3.7b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
3.7b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
3.7b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.5b
(cbrt (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))

rewrite35.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Rules
add-log-exp
add-cube-cbrt
add-exp-log
add-cbrt-cube
*-un-lft-identity
pow1
add-sqr-sqrt
cos-mult
pow1/3
cbrt-div
cbrt-prod
Counts
4 → 31
Calls
4 calls:
Slowest
12.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
9.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
9.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
4.0ms
(cbrt (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))

series159.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls
4 calls:
Slowest
92.0ms
(cbrt (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))
27.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
22.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
18.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify862.0ms

Counts
14 → 43
Calls
14 calls:
Slowest
186.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
169.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/3 (* x eps)) (* 1/3 (pow x 2))))
167.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
157.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
24.0ms
(pow (pow (cos (* 1/2 (+ (* 2 x) eps))) 2) 1/3)

prune645.0ms

Pruning

9 alts after pruning (6 fresh and 3 done)

Merged error: 0.3b

regimes196.0ms

Accuracy

99.3% (0.1b remaining)

Error of 0.5b against oracle of 0.3b and baseline of 15.0b

bsearch225.0ms

end0.0ms

sample7.8s

Algorithm
intervals
Results
4.3s3273×body1280valid
1.4s1836×body640valid
1.1s618×body2560valid
701.0ms785×body320valid
181.0ms1124×body80valid
105.0ms364×body160valid