Average Error: 36.9 → 0.5
Time: 42.4s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
\[\left(\frac{\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)} + \frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x} + 1\right)}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right) + \frac{\left(\sin x - \sin x\right) - \left(-\sin x\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)\right)}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)\right)}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original36.9
Target15.1
Herbie0.5
\[\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 36.9

    \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
  2. Using strategy rm
  3. Applied tan-sum21.7

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x\]
  4. Using strategy rm
  5. Applied flip--21.7

    \[\leadsto \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}}} - \tan x\]
  6. Applied associate-/r/21.7

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)} - \tan x\]
  7. Taylor expanded around -inf 21.9

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}\right)} + \left(\frac{\sin x \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{\cos x \cdot \left({\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)} + \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right)\right) - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}\]
  8. Simplified0.6

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)} + \frac{\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x} + 1\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}\]
  9. Using strategy rm
  10. Applied frac-sub2.5

    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)} + \frac{\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x} + 1\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \cos x - \left(1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)\right) \cdot \sin x}{\left(1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)\right) \cdot \cos x}}\]
  11. Simplified0.5

    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)} + \frac{\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x} + 1\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right) + \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin x - \sin x\right) - \left(-\sin x\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)\right)}}{\left(1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)\right) \cdot \cos x}\]
  12. Final simplification0.5

    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)} + \frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x} + 1\right)}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right) + \frac{\left(\sin x - \sin x\right) - \left(-\sin x\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)\right)}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)\right)}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019018 
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2tan (problem 3.3.2)"

  :herbie-target
  (/ (sin eps) (* (cos x) (cos (+ x eps))))

  (- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))

Details

Time bar (total: 41.4s)Debug log

sample491.0ms

Algorithm
intervals
Results
272.0ms98×body1280valid
82.0ms60×body640valid
70.0ms17×body2560valid
40.0ms38×body320valid
10.0ms35×body80valid
5.0msbody160valid

simplify8.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls
1 calls:
Slowest
7.0ms
(- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x))

prune11.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 37.0b

localize28.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

3.8b
(tan (+ x eps))
1.4b
(- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x))

rewrite35.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Rules
add-log-exp
tan-quot
*-un-lft-identity
add-sqr-sqrt
add-cube-cbrt
frac-sub
add-exp-log
add-cbrt-cube
tan-sum
pow1
difference-of-squares
distribute-lft-out--
flip--
diff-log
flip3--
sub-neg
Counts
2 → 25
Calls
2 calls:
Slowest
32.0ms
(- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x))
3.0ms
(tan (+ x eps))

series170.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls
2 calls:
Slowest
108.0ms
(- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x))
62.0ms
(tan (+ x eps))

simplify599.0ms

Counts
15 → 31
Calls
15 calls:
Slowest
228.0ms
(- (* (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (cos x)) (* (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (sin x)))
122.0ms
(+ (* x (pow eps 2)) (+ eps (* (pow x 2) eps)))
112.0ms
(* (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (cos x))
30.0ms
(+ x (+ (* 1/3 (pow x 3)) eps))
26.0ms
(/ (exp (tan (+ x eps))) (exp (tan x)))

prune340.0ms

Pruning

7 alts after pruning (7 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 13.9b

localize30.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

3.6b
(- (/ (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps)))) (tan x))
0.2b
(* (tan x) (tan eps))
0.1b
(+ (tan x) (tan eps))
0.1b
(/ (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps))))

rewrite62.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Rules
27×*-un-lft-identity
20×add-sqr-sqrt
15×add-cube-cbrt
13×times-frac
tan-quot
add-log-exp
add-exp-log
add-cbrt-cube
pow1
distribute-lft-out
associate-/l*
associate-/l/
associate-*l*
associate-*r*
associate-/r*
difference-of-squares
flip--
flip-+
associate-/r/
frac-add
flip3--
flip3-+
distribute-lft-out--
div-inv
cbrt-unprod
frac-sub
*-commutative
associate-*r/
prod-exp
associate-*l/
pow-prod-down
div-exp
diff-log
frac-2neg
sub-neg
sum-log
clear-num
+-commutative
cbrt-undiv
frac-times
Counts
4 → 85
Calls
4 calls:
Slowest
27.0ms
(- (/ (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps)))) (tan x))
23.0ms
(/ (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps))))
7.0ms
(+ (tan x) (tan eps))
4.0ms
(* (tan x) (tan eps))

series791.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls
4 calls:
Slowest
358.0ms
(- (/ (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps)))) (tan x))
221.0ms
(/ (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps))))
114.0ms
(+ (tan x) (tan eps))
99.0ms
(* (tan x) (tan eps))

simplify2.7s

Counts
72 → 97
Calls
72 calls:
Slowest
343.0ms
(+ (* 1/3 (* (pow x 3) eps)) (+ (* 1/3 (* x (pow eps 3))) (* x eps)))
271.0ms
(/ (* (* (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (+ (tan x) (tan eps))) (+ (tan x) (tan eps))) (* (* (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps)))) (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps)))))
247.0ms
(- (+ (/ (sin eps) (* (cos eps) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))))) (/ (sin x) (* (cos x) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps))))))) (/ (sin x) (cos x)))
230.0ms
(- (+ (/ (sin eps) (* (cos eps) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))))) (/ (sin x) (* (cos x) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps))))))) (/ (sin x) (cos x)))
164.0ms
(- (* (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (cos x)) (* (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (sin x)))

prune1.0s

Pruning

15 alts after pruning (15 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 13.7b

localize38.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

3.6b
(- (* (/ (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (- (* 1 1) (* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps))))) (+ 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps)))) (tan x))
0.3b
(* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps)))
0.2b
(* (tan x) (tan eps))
0.2b
(* (tan x) (tan eps))

rewrite74.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Rules
45×tan-quot
35×pow1
21×frac-times
20×add-exp-log
20×add-cbrt-cube
15×associate-*r/
15×pow-prod-down
14×associate-*l/
10×cbrt-unprod
10×prod-exp
add-cube-cbrt
*-un-lft-identity
add-sqr-sqrt
associate-*l*
associate-*r*
add-log-exp
frac-sub
pow-prod-up
*-commutative
flip-+
associate--l+
pow-plus
flip3-+
flip--
diff-log
flip3--
distribute-lft-in
sub-neg
distribute-rgt-in
pow2
Counts
4 → 103
Calls
4 calls:
Slowest
38.0ms
(* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps)))
18.0ms
(- (* (/ (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (- (* 1 1) (* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps))))) (+ 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps)))) (tan x))
8.0ms
(* (tan x) (tan eps))
8.0ms
(* (tan x) (tan eps))

series1.2s

Counts
4 → 12
Calls
4 calls:
Slowest
882.0ms
(- (* (/ (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (- (* 1 1) (* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps))))) (+ 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps)))) (tan x))
118.0ms
(* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps)))
117.0ms
(* (tan x) (tan eps))
114.0ms
(* (tan x) (tan eps))

simplify8.3s

Counts
97 → 115
Calls
97 calls:
Slowest
925.0ms
(* (* (* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (* (* (* (tan x) (tan x)) (tan x)) (* (* (tan eps) (tan eps)) (tan eps))))
687.0ms
(* (* (* (* (tan x) (tan x)) (tan x)) (* (* (tan eps) (tan eps)) (tan eps))) (* (* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (* (tan x) (tan eps))))
558.0ms
(* (* (* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (* (* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (* (tan x) (tan eps))))
434.0ms
(/ (* (pow (sin x) 2) (pow (sin eps) 2)) (* (pow (cos x) 2) (pow (cos eps) 2)))
412.0ms
(- (* (* (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (+ 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps)))) (cos x)) (* (- (* 1 1) (* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps)))) (sin x)))

prune1.6s

Pruning

12 alts after pruning (12 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.2b

localize122.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

1.6b
(- (/ (/ (sin x) (cos x)) (- 1 (* (* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))) (* (/ (sin x) (cos eps)) (/ (sin x) (cos eps)))))) (/ (sin x) (cos x)))
0.3b
(* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x)))
0.3b
(* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x)))
0.3b
(* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x)))

rewrite84.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Rules
67×add-sqr-sqrt
65×times-frac
52×*-un-lft-identity
46×add-cube-cbrt
40×add-exp-log
40×add-cbrt-cube
39×associate-*l*
39×associate-*r*
19×pow1
12×cbrt-unprod
12×prod-exp
12×div-exp
12×cbrt-undiv
difference-of-squares
add-log-exp
div-inv
pow-prod-up
*-commutative
associate-*r/
associate-*l/
pow-prod-down
pow-plus
frac-times
pow2
distribute-lft-out--
flip--
frac-sub
diff-log
flip3--
sub-neg
Counts
4 → 168
Calls
4 calls:
Slowest
36.0ms
(- (/ (/ (sin x) (cos x)) (- 1 (* (* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))) (* (/ (sin x) (cos eps)) (/ (sin x) (cos eps)))))) (/ (sin x) (cos x)))
15.0ms
(* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x)))
15.0ms
(* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x)))
13.0ms
(* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x)))

series509.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls
4 calls:
Slowest
281.0ms
(- (/ (/ (sin x) (cos x)) (- 1 (* (* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))) (* (/ (sin x) (cos eps)) (/ (sin x) (cos eps)))))) (/ (sin x) (cos x)))
82.0ms
(* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x)))
74.0ms
(* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x)))
71.0ms
(* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x)))

simplify9.8s

Counts
153 → 180
Calls
153 calls:
Slowest
669.0ms
(* (* (* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))) (/ (* (* (sin eps) (sin eps)) (sin eps)) (* (* (cos x) (cos x)) (cos x))))
633.0ms
(* (* (* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))) (* (* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))))
602.0ms
(* (* (* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))) (* (* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))))
602.0ms
(* (* (* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))) (* (* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))))
534.0ms
(* (* (* (/ (sin eps) (cos x)) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))) (/ (sin eps) (cos x))) (/ (* (* (sin eps) (sin eps)) (sin eps)) (* (* (cos x) (cos x)) (cos x))))

prune2.8s

Pruning

11 alts after pruning (11 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.2b

regimes150.0ms

Accuracy

0% (0.3b remaining)

Error of 0.5b against oracle of 0.2b and baseline of 0.5b

bsearch13.0ms

end0.0ms

sample10.4s

Algorithm
intervals
Results
5.3s3279×body1280valid
2.0s618×body2560valid
1.9s1839×body640valid
480.0ms781×body320valid
450.0ms1117×body80valid
155.0ms366×body160valid