Average Error: 37.7 → 0.8
Time: 25.2s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -1.2410167142142245 \cdot 10^{-08} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \le 2.611927004771969 \cdot 10^{-26}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon - \sin x\right) + \sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original37.7
Target15.4
Herbie0.8
\[2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(x + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if eps < -1.2410167142142245e-08 or 2.611927004771969e-26 < eps

    1. Initial program 30.9

      \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied sin-sum1.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \sin x\]
    4. Applied associate--l+1.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \left(\cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon - \sin x\right)}\]

    if -1.2410167142142245e-08 < eps < 2.611927004771969e-26

    1. Initial program 45.2

      \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied diff-sin45.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) + x}{2}\right)\right)}\]
    4. Simplified0.3

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.8

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -1.2410167142142245 \cdot 10^{-08} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \le 2.611927004771969 \cdot 10^{-26}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon - \sin x\right) + \sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 1042149663 
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2sin (example 3.3)"

  :herbie-target
  (* 2 (* (cos (+ x (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))

  (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))

Details

Time bar (total: 22.4s)Debug log

sample341.0ms

Algorithm
intervals
Results
256×(pre true 80)
100×(body real 1280)
63×(body real 640)
37×(body real 80)
24×(body real 320)
19×(body real 2560)
13×(body real 160)

simplify9.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls
1 calls:
Slowest
9.0ms
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))

prune12.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 37.4b

localize35.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

3.2b
(sin (+ x eps))
2.3b
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))

rewrite17.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Rules
add-log-exp
*-un-lft-identity
add-sqr-sqrt
add-cube-cbrt
add-exp-log
sin-sum
add-cbrt-cube
pow1
difference-of-squares
distribute-lft-out--
flip--
associate--l+
diff-sin
diff-log
flip3--
sub-neg
Counts
2 → 24
Calls
2 calls:
Slowest
13.0ms
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))
4.0ms
(sin (+ x eps))

series120.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls
2 calls:
Slowest
88.0ms
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))
31.0ms
(sin (+ x eps))

simplify612.0ms

Counts
13 → 30
Calls
13 calls:
Slowest
397.0ms
(- eps (+ (* 1/2 (* x (pow eps 2))) (* 1/2 (* (pow x 2) eps))))
77.0ms
(- (+ x eps) (* 1/6 (pow x 3)))
46.0ms
(* (sin (/ (- (+ x eps) x) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x eps) x) 2)))
30.0ms
(/ (exp (sin (+ x eps))) (exp (sin x)))
10.0ms
(- (sqrt (sin (+ x eps))) (sqrt (sin x)))

prune441.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.4b

localize61.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

2.9b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.2b
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))

rewrite28.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Rules
add-cube-cbrt
add-exp-log
add-cbrt-cube
*-un-lft-identity
pow1
add-sqr-sqrt
associate-*l*
associate-*r*
add-log-exp
cbrt-unprod
*-commutative
prod-exp
pow-prod-down
Counts
2 → 24
Calls
2 calls:
Slowest
17.0ms
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))
10.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

series138.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls
2 calls:
Slowest
105.0ms
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))
33.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify1.0s

Counts
14 → 30
Calls
14 calls:
Slowest
441.0ms
(- (* 1/2 eps) (+ (* 1/4 (* x (pow eps 2))) (* 1/4 (* (pow x 2) eps))))
279.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
127.0ms
(* (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (* (* (sin (/ eps 2)) (sin (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))
32.0ms
(* (cos (* 1/2 (+ (* 2 x) eps))) (sin (* 1/2 eps)))
30.0ms
(* (cos (* 1/2 (+ (* 2 x) eps))) (sin (* 1/2 eps)))

prune545.0ms

Pruning

11 alts after pruning (10 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0.3b

localize32.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

2.9b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.5b
(log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))
0.2b
(* (log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))) (sin (/ eps 2)))
0.1b
(exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))

rewrite73.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Rules
10×add-cube-cbrt
10×*-un-lft-identity
10×add-sqr-sqrt
exp-prod
log-pow
pow1
associate-*l*
add-exp-log
add-cbrt-cube
add-log-exp
associate-*r*
log-prod
rem-exp-log
cbrt-unprod
*-commutative
prod-exp
pow-prod-down
rem-log-exp
Counts
4 → 54
Calls
4 calls:
Slowest
29.0ms
(* (log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))) (sin (/ eps 2)))
21.0ms
(log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))
11.0ms
(exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))
10.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

series249.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls
4 calls:
Slowest
108.0ms
(* (log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))) (sin (/ eps 2)))
74.0ms
(exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))
33.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
33.0ms
(log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))

simplify2.1s

Counts
34 → 66
Calls
34 calls:
Slowest
454.0ms
(- E (+ (* 1/2 (* x (* E eps))) (* 1/2 (* (pow x 2) E))))
442.0ms
(- (* 1/2 eps) (+ (* 1/4 (* x (pow eps 2))) (* 1/4 (* (pow x 2) eps))))
278.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
277.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
121.0ms
(* (* (* (log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))) (log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))) (log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))) (* (* (sin (/ eps 2)) (sin (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))

prune1.3s

Pruning

12 alts after pruning (11 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0.3b

localize39.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

2.9b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
2.9b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
2.9b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.5b
(cbrt (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))

rewrite48.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Rules
add-log-exp
add-cube-cbrt
add-exp-log
add-cbrt-cube
*-un-lft-identity
pow1
add-sqr-sqrt
rem-cbrt-cube
cos-mult
associate-*l/
pow3
pow1/3
cbrt-div
cbrt-prod
Counts
4 → 32
Calls
4 calls:
Slowest
17.0ms
(cbrt (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))
10.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
10.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
10.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

series136.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls
4 calls:
Slowest
37.0ms
(cbrt (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))
33.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
33.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
32.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify1.5s

Counts
15 → 44
Calls
15 calls:
Slowest
280.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
279.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
278.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
276.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
98.0ms
(cbrt (* (+ (cos (+ (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2) (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (- (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2) (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))

prune819.0ms

Pruning

13 alts after pruning (11 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0.3b

regimes364.0ms

Accuracy

97.1% (0.4b remaining)

Error of 0.8b against oracle of 0.4b and baseline of 15.4b

bsearch287.0ms

end0.0ms

sample12.1s

Algorithm
intervals
Results
8000×(pre true 80)
3240×(body real 1280)
1844×(body real 640)
1094×(body real 80)
821×(body real 320)
644×(body real 2560)
357×(body real 160)