Average Error: 46.0 → 0.0
Time: 3.7s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{\frac{\left(i \cdot i\right) \cdot \left(i \cdot i\right)}{\left(2 \cdot i\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot i\right)}}{\left(2 \cdot i\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot i\right) - 1.0}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;i \le 634.7968293108698:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{i}{4} \cdot i}{(\left(4 \cdot i\right) \cdot i + \left(-1.0\right))_*}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;(\left(\frac{0.015625}{i}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{i}\right) + \frac{1}{16})_* + \frac{0.00390625}{{i}^{4}}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus i

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if i < 634.7968293108698

    1. Initial program 45.2

      \[\frac{\frac{\left(i \cdot i\right) \cdot \left(i \cdot i\right)}{\left(2 \cdot i\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot i\right)}}{\left(2 \cdot i\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot i\right) - 1.0}\]
    2. Simplified0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{i \cdot \frac{i}{4}}{(\left(i \cdot 4\right) \cdot i + \left(-1.0\right))_*}}\]

    if 634.7968293108698 < i

    1. Initial program 46.8

      \[\frac{\frac{\left(i \cdot i\right) \cdot \left(i \cdot i\right)}{\left(2 \cdot i\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot i\right)}}{\left(2 \cdot i\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot i\right) - 1.0}\]
    2. Simplified30.6

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{i \cdot \frac{i}{4}}{(\left(i \cdot 4\right) \cdot i + \left(-1.0\right))_*}}\]
    3. Taylor expanded around -inf 0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.015625 \cdot \frac{1}{{i}^{2}} + \left(\frac{1}{16} + 0.00390625 \cdot \frac{1}{{i}^{4}}\right)}\]
    4. Simplified0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(\left(\frac{0.015625}{i}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{i}\right) + \frac{1}{16})_* + \frac{0.00390625}{{i}^{4}}}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.0

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;i \le 634.7968293108698:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{i}{4} \cdot i}{(\left(4 \cdot i\right) \cdot i + \left(-1.0\right))_*}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;(\left(\frac{0.015625}{i}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{i}\right) + \frac{1}{16})_* + \frac{0.00390625}{{i}^{4}}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019010 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (i)
  :name "Octave 3.8, jcobi/4, as called"
  :pre (and (> i 0))
  (/ (/ (* (* i i) (* i i)) (* (* 2 i) (* 2 i))) (- (* (* 2 i) (* 2 i)) 1.0)))

Details

Time bar (total: 3.4s)Debug log

sample30.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify161.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls
1 calls:
Slowest
161.0ms
(/ (/ (* (* i i) (* i i)) (* (* 2 i) (* 2 i))) (- (* (* 2 i) (* 2 i)) 1.0))

prune16.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 12.6b

localize16.0ms

Local error

Found 1 expressions with local error:

12.6b
(/ (* i (/ i 4)) (fma (* i 4) i (- 1.0)))

rewrite4.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Rules
add-cube-cbrt
add-exp-log
add-cbrt-cube
times-frac
*-un-lft-identity
associate-/r*
add-sqr-sqrt
associate-/l/
add-log-exp
associate-/l*
div-inv
log1p-expm1-u
associate-*r/
div-exp
frac-2neg
clear-num
cbrt-undiv
pow1
expm1-log1p-u
Counts
1 → 22
Calls
1 calls:
Slowest
4.0ms
(/ (* i (/ i 4)) (fma (* i 4) i (- 1.0)))

series35.0ms

Counts
1 → 3
Calls
1 calls:
Slowest
35.0ms
(/ (* i (/ i 4)) (fma (* i 4) i (- 1.0)))

simplify558.0ms

Counts
15 → 25
Calls
15 calls:
Slowest
156.0ms
(- (+ (* 0.25 (pow i 2)) (+ (* 1.0 (pow i 4)) (* 4.0 (pow i 6)))))
100.0ms
(- (log (* i (/ i 4))) (log (fma (* i 4) i (- 1.0))))
92.0ms
(/ (* (* (* i (/ i 4)) (* i (/ i 4))) (* i (/ i 4))) (* (* (fma (* i 4) i (- 1.0)) (fma (* i 4) i (- 1.0))) (fma (* i 4) i (- 1.0))))
46.0ms
(+ (* 0.015625 (/ 1 (pow i 2))) (+ 1/16 (* 0.00390625 (/ 1 (pow i 4)))))
38.0ms
(+ (* 0.015625 (/ 1 (pow i 2))) (+ 1/16 (* 0.00390625 (/ 1 (pow i 4)))))

prune187.0ms

Pruning

2 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize22.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

0.1b
(fma (/ 0.015625 i) (/ 1 i) 1/16)
0.1b
(/ 0.00390625 (pow i 4))
0.0b
(+ (fma (/ 0.015625 i) (/ 1 i) 1/16) (/ 0.00390625 (pow i 4)))

rewrite10.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Rules
*-un-lft-identity
add-log-exp
add-cube-cbrt
add-sqr-sqrt
log1p-expm1-u
add-exp-log
add-cbrt-cube
fma-def
associate-/r*
pow1
expm1-log1p-u
fma-udef
distribute-lft-out
div-inv
flip-+
flip3-+
frac-2neg
sum-log
clear-num
associate-+l+
+-commutative
Counts
3 → 43
Calls
3 calls:
Slowest
8.0ms
(+ (fma (/ 0.015625 i) (/ 1 i) 1/16) (/ 0.00390625 (pow i 4)))
1.0ms
(/ 0.00390625 (pow i 4))
0.0ms
(fma (/ 0.015625 i) (/ 1 i) 1/16)

series104.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls
3 calls:
Slowest
48.0ms
(fma (/ 0.015625 i) (/ 1 i) 1/16)
31.0ms
(+ (fma (/ 0.015625 i) (/ 1 i) 1/16) (/ 0.00390625 (pow i 4)))
26.0ms
(/ 0.00390625 (pow i 4))

simplify460.0ms

Counts
17 → 52
Calls
17 calls:
Slowest
77.0ms
(+ (* 0.015625 (/ 1 (pow i 2))) (+ 1/16 (* 0.00390625 (/ 1 (pow i 4)))))
70.0ms
(* (exp (fma (/ 0.015625 i) (/ 1 i) 1/16)) (exp (/ 0.00390625 (pow i 4))))
55.0ms
(+ (* 0.015625 (/ 1 (pow i 2))) (+ 1/16 (* 0.00390625 (/ 1 (pow i 4)))))
47.0ms
(+ (* 0.015625 (/ 1 (pow i 2))) (+ 1/16 (* 0.00390625 (/ 1 (pow i 4)))))
40.0ms
(+ (* 0.015625 (/ 1 (pow i 2))) 1/16)

prune504.0ms

Pruning

2 alts after pruning (0 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0b

regimes44.0ms

Accuracy

100% (0.0b remaining)

Error of 0.0b against oracle of 0.0b and baseline of 15.1b

bsearch72.0ms

end0.0ms

sample1.2s

Algorithm
intervals