Average Error: 14.6 → 0.3
Time: 31.6s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\]
\[\frac{\frac{\pi}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} - \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{b}\right)}{b + a}\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Derivation

  1. Initial program 14.6

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\]
  2. Simplified9.8

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{(\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{b}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{a}\right))_*}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}}\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied *-un-lft-identity9.8

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot (\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{b}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{a}\right))_*}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\]
  5. Applied times-frac0.3

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a + b} \cdot \frac{(\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{b}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{a}\right))_*}{b - a}}\]
  6. Simplified0.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{a + b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot 2} - \frac{\pi}{2 \cdot b}}{b - a}}\]
  7. Using strategy rm
  8. Applied *-un-lft-identity0.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot 2} - \frac{\pi}{2 \cdot b}}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(b - a\right)}}\]
  9. Applied div-inv0.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot 2} - \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2 \cdot b}}}{1 \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\]
  10. Applied div-inv0.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot 2}} - \pi \cdot \frac{1}{2 \cdot b}}{1 \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\]
  11. Applied distribute-lft-out--0.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a \cdot 2} - \frac{1}{2 \cdot b}\right)}}{1 \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\]
  12. Applied times-frac0.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{a + b} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\pi}{1} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a \cdot 2} - \frac{1}{2 \cdot b}}{b - a}\right)}\]
  13. Simplified0.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{a + b} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\pi} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a \cdot 2} - \frac{1}{2 \cdot b}}{b - a}\right)\]
  14. Simplified0.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{a + b} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2 \cdot a} - \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{b}}{b - a}}\right)\]
  15. Using strategy rm
  16. Applied associate-*l/0.3

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{2 \cdot a} - \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{b}}{b - a}\right)}{a + b}}\]
  17. Simplified0.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} - \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{b}\right)}}{a + b}\]
  18. Final simplification0.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} - \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{b}\right)}{b + a}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019008 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (a b)
  :name "NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, B"
  (* (* (/ PI 2) (/ 1 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1 a) (/ 1 b))))

Details

Time bar (total: 30.9s)Debug log

sample122.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify391.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

391.0ms
(* (* (/ PI 2) (/ 1 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1 a) (/ 1 b)))

prune22.0ms

Pruning

2 alts after pruning (2 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 10.7b

localize45.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

10.8b
(/ (fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a)) (* (+ a b) (- b a)))
0.2b
(/ (/ PI 2) a)
0.2b
(fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a))

rewrite17.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
3 → 58
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

10.0ms
(/ (fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a)) (* (+ a b) (- b a)))
5.0ms
(/ (/ PI 2) a)
0.0ms
(fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a))

series245.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

120.0ms
(/ (fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a)) (* (+ a b) (- b a)))
63.0ms
(/ (/ PI 2) a)
61.0ms
(fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a))

simplify2.4s

Counts
32 → 67
Calls

32 calls. Slowest were:

692.0ms
(* (+ (* a a) (- (* b b) (* a b))) (+ (* b b) (+ (* a a) (* b a))))
269.0ms
(- (log (fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a))) (log (* (+ a b) (- b a))))
204.0ms
(* (- a b) (+ (* b b) (+ (* a a) (* b a))))

prune689.0ms

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (8 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.1b

localize11.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.2b
(/ (/ PI 2) a)
0.2b
(/ (fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a)) (+ a b))
0.2b
(/ (/ (fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a)) (+ a b)) (- b a))
0.2b
(fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a))

rewrite28.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 140
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

12.0ms
(/ (/ (fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a)) (+ a b)) (- b a))
7.0ms
(/ (fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a)) (+ a b))
5.0ms
(/ (/ PI 2) a)

series342.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

112.0ms
(/ (/ (fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a)) (+ a b)) (- b a))
92.0ms
(/ (fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a)) (+ a b))
77.0ms
(/ (/ PI 2) a)
62.0ms
(fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a))

simplify9.2s

Counts
155 → 152
Calls

155 calls. Slowest were:

358.0ms
(/ (/ (fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a)) (- (* a a) (* b b))) (* (cbrt (- b a)) (cbrt (- b a))))
355.0ms
(/ (/ (* (cbrt (fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a))) (cbrt (fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a)))) (* (cbrt (+ a b)) (cbrt (+ a b)))) 1)
297.0ms
(/ (/ (fma (/ PI 2) (/ -1 b) (/ (/ PI 2) a)) (- (* a a) (* b b))) 1)

prune1.7s

Pruning

13 alts after pruning (12 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize22.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.3b
(/ PI (* 2 b))
0.2b
(* (/ 1 (+ a b)) (/ (- (/ PI (* a 2)) (/ PI (* 2 b))) (- b a)))
0.2b
(/ (- (/ PI (* a 2)) (/ PI (* 2 b))) (- b a))
0.2b
(/ PI (* a 2))

rewrite26.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 123
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

13.0ms
(/ (- (/ PI (* a 2)) (/ PI (* 2 b))) (- b a))
11.0ms
(* (/ 1 (+ a b)) (/ (- (/ PI (* a 2)) (/ PI (* 2 b))) (- b a)))
0.0ms
(/ PI (* 2 b))

series287.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

97.0ms
(* (/ 1 (+ a b)) (/ (- (/ PI (* a 2)) (/ PI (* 2 b))) (- b a)))
66.0ms
(/ (- (/ PI (* a 2)) (/ PI (* 2 b))) (- b a))
64.0ms
(/ PI (* a 2))
60.0ms
(/ PI (* 2 b))

simplify5.1s

Counts
101 → 135
Calls

101 calls. Slowest were:

273.0ms
(/ (* (* (- (/ PI (* a 2)) (/ PI (* 2 b))) (- (/ PI (* a 2)) (/ PI (* 2 b)))) (- (/ PI (* a 2)) (/ PI (* 2 b)))) (* (* (- b a) (- b a)) (- b a)))
237.0ms
(+ (log (/ 1 (+ a b))) (log (/ (- (/ PI (* a 2)) (/ PI (* 2 b))) (- b a))))
232.0ms
(- (pow (/ PI (* a 2)) 3) (pow (/ PI (* 2 b)) 3))

prune1.4s

Pruning

9 alts after pruning (9 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize35.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.3b
(* PI (/ (- (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (/ 1/2 b)) (- b a)))
0.3b
(/ (- (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (/ 1/2 b)) (- b a))
0.2b
(* (/ 1 (+ a b)) (* PI (/ (- (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (/ 1/2 b)) (- b a))))
0.0b
(/ 1 (+ a b))

rewrite63.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 126
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

25.0ms
(/ (- (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (/ 1/2 b)) (- b a))
21.0ms
(* (/ 1 (+ a b)) (* PI (/ (- (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (/ 1/2 b)) (- b a))))
13.0ms
(* PI (/ (- (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (/ 1/2 b)) (- b a)))

series203.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

78.0ms
(* PI (/ (- (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (/ 1/2 b)) (- b a)))
69.0ms
(* (/ 1 (+ a b)) (* PI (/ (- (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (/ 1/2 b)) (- b a))))
29.0ms
(/ (- (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (/ 1/2 b)) (- b a))
27.0ms
(/ 1 (+ a b))

simplify4.2s

Counts
106 → 138
Calls

106 calls. Slowest were:

378.0ms
(- (* 1 b) (* (* 2 a) 1/2))
253.0ms
(+ (log (/ 1 (+ a b))) (log (* PI (/ (- (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (/ 1/2 b)) (- b a)))))
252.0ms
(- (* (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (/ 1 (* 2 a))) (* (/ 1/2 b) (/ 1/2 b)))

prune1.5s

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (8 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0b

regimes215.0ms

Accuracy

0% (0.2b remaining)

Error of 0.3b against oracle of 0.0b and baseline of 0.3b

bsearch1.0ms

end0.0ms

sample2.6s

Algorithm
intervals