Average Error: 44.1 → 0.2
Time: 17.9s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
\[-2 \cdot \frac{c}{b + \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Bits error versus c

Derivation

  1. Initial program 44.1

    \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
  2. Simplified44.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}{2 \cdot a}}\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied flip--44.1

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} \cdot \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b \cdot b}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}}}{2 \cdot a}\]
  5. Applied associate-/l/44.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} \cdot \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b \cdot b}{\left(2 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b\right)}}\]
  6. Simplified0.4

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c}}{\left(2 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b\right)}\]
  7. Using strategy rm
  8. Applied times-frac0.2

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot -4}{2 \cdot a} \cdot \frac{c}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}}\]
  9. Simplified0.2

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2} \cdot \frac{c}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}\]
  10. Final simplification0.2

    \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \frac{c}{b + \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019008 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "Quadratic roots, medium range"
  :pre (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 a 9007199254740992.0) (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 b 9007199254740992.0) (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 c 9007199254740992.0))
  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)))

Details

Time bar (total: 17.1s)Debug log

sample188.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify63.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

63.0ms
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a))

prune13.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 45.5b

localize21.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

38.6b
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.2b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
0.0b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

rewrite19.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 67
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

11.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
5.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
2.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series214.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

87.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
56.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
42.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
29.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify1.3s

Counts
34 → 79
Calls

34 calls. Slowest were:

681.0ms
(- (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* b b))
92.0ms
(- (pow (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) 3) (pow b 3))
87.0ms
(/ (* (* (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (* (* (* 2 a) (* 2 a)) (* 2 a)))

prune791.0ms

Pruning

4 alts after pruning (4 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.4b

localize10.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.3b
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
0.2b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
0.1b
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)

rewrite46.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 70
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

20.0ms
(* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
16.0ms
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
8.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)

series337.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

153.0ms
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
83.0ms
(* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
70.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
31.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify3.4s

Counts
37 → 82
Calls

37 calls. Slowest were:

654.0ms
(/ (* (* (* (* a -4) c) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))
595.0ms
(- (log (* (* a -4) c)) (+ (log (* 2 a)) (log (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))
567.0ms
(/ (* (* (* (* a -4) c) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* (* (* 2 a) (* 2 a)) (* 2 a)) (* (* (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))

prune940.0ms

Pruning

6 alts after pruning (6 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize10.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.2b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.1b
(/ c (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
0.0b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

rewrite8.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 59
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

4.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
2.0ms
(/ c (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
1.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series316.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

157.0ms
(/ c (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
80.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
51.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
28.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify511.0ms

Counts
26 → 71
Calls

26 calls. Slowest were:

200.0ms
(+ (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (- (* b b) (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
36.0ms
(- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))
33.0ms
(- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))

prune823.0ms

Pruning

6 alts after pruning (5 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize8.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.2b
(* c (/ 1 (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
0.2b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.1b
(/ 1 (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))

rewrite9.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 66
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

4.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
3.0ms
(/ 1 (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
2.0ms
(* c (/ 1 (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))

series420.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

153.0ms
(* c (/ 1 (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
139.0ms
(/ 1 (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
79.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
49.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify890.0ms

Counts
31 → 78
Calls

31 calls. Slowest were:

256.0ms
(+ (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (- (* b b) (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
205.0ms
(+ (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (- (* b b) (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
39.0ms
(- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))

prune951.0ms

Pruning

6 alts after pruning (4 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0b

regimes190.0ms

Accuracy

0% (0.1b remaining)

Error of 0.2b against oracle of 0.0b and baseline of 0.2b

bsearch3.0ms

end0.0ms

sample5.6s

Algorithm
intervals