Average Error: 37.3 → 0.7
Time: 17.9s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -1.1649894726024098 \cdot 10^{-08} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \le 1.5493547226850234 \cdot 10^{-23}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original37.3
Target15.5
Herbie0.7
\[2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(x + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if eps < -1.1649894726024098e-08 or 1.5493547226850234e-23 < eps

    1. Initial program 30.4

      \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied sin-sum1.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \sin x\]

    if -1.1649894726024098e-08 < eps < 1.5493547226850234e-23

    1. Initial program 45.1

      \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied diff-sin45.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) + x}{2}\right)\right)}\]
    4. Simplified0.2

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.7

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -1.1649894726024098 \cdot 10^{-08} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \le 1.5493547226850234 \cdot 10^{-23}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019008 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2sin (example 3.3)"

  :herbie-target
  (* 2 (* (cos (+ x (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))

  (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))

Details

Time bar (total: 16.8s)Debug log

sample234.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify8.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

8.0ms
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))

prune11.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 38.3b

localize51.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

4.3b
(sin (+ x eps))
2.3b
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))

rewrite17.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
2 → 40
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

13.0ms
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))
3.0ms
(sin (+ x eps))

series65.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

49.0ms
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))
16.0ms
(sin (+ x eps))

simplify1.0s

Counts
33 → 46
Calls

33 calls. Slowest were:

512.0ms
(- eps (+ (* 1/2 (* x (pow eps 2))) (* 1/2 (* (pow x 2) eps))))
54.0ms
(- (+ x eps) (* 1/6 (pow x 3)))
40.0ms
(* (sin (/ (- (+ x eps) x) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x eps) x) 2)))

prune407.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.3b

localize41.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

4.6b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.2b
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))

rewrite21.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
2 → 28
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

12.0ms
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))
9.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

series86.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

61.0ms
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))
25.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify529.0ms

Counts
14 → 34
Calls

14 calls. Slowest were:

226.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
136.0ms
(- (* 1/2 eps) (+ (* 1/4 (* x (pow eps 2))) (* 1/4 (* (pow x 2) eps))))
64.0ms
(* (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (* (* (sin (/ eps 2)) (sin (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))

prune365.0ms

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (7 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0.2b

localize15.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

4.6b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
4.6b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
4.6b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.5b
(cbrt (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))

rewrite24.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 40
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

8.0ms
(cbrt (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))
5.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
5.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

series91.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

26.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
26.0ms
(cbrt (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))
23.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
17.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify1.4s

Counts
15 → 52
Calls

15 calls. Slowest were:

343.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
303.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
287.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))

prune700.0ms

Pruning

7 alts after pruning (6 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0.2b

localize21.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

4.6b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.5b
(log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))
0.2b
(* (log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))) (sin (/ eps 2)))
0.1b
(exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))

rewrite48.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 62
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

19.0ms
(* (log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))) (sin (/ eps 2)))
12.0ms
(log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))
11.0ms
(exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))

series153.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

65.0ms
(* (log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))) (sin (/ eps 2)))
52.0ms
(exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))
20.0ms
(log (exp (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))
16.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify1.3s

Counts
34 → 74
Calls

34 calls. Slowest were:

310.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
303.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
137.0ms
(- E (+ (* 1/2 (* x (* E eps))) (* 1/2 (* (pow x 2) E))))

prune1.1s

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (6 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0.2b

regimes237.0ms

Accuracy

97.9% (0.3b remaining)

Error of 0.7b against oracle of 0.4b and baseline of 15.5b

bsearch278.0ms

end0.0ms

sample8.6s

Algorithm
intervals