Average Error: 29.3 → 0.0
Time: 9.4s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\log \left(N + 1\right) - \log N\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;N \le 12668.320172312919:\\ \;\;\;\;-\log \left(\frac{N}{N + 1}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;(\left(\frac{1}{N \cdot N}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{3}}{N} - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{N}\right))_*\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus N

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if N < 12668.320172312919

    1. Initial program 0.1

      \[\log \left(N + 1\right) - \log N\]
    2. Simplified0.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log_* (1 + N) - \log N}\]
    3. Using strategy rm
    4. Applied log1p-udef0.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(1 + N\right)} - \log N\]
    5. Applied diff-log0.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1 + N}{N}\right)}\]
    6. Using strategy rm
    7. Applied clear-num0.1

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\frac{N}{1 + N}}\right)}\]
    8. Using strategy rm
    9. Applied inv-pow0.1

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{N}{1 + N}\right)}^{-1}\right)}\]
    10. Applied log-pow0.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \log \left(\frac{N}{1 + N}\right)}\]

    if 12668.320172312919 < N

    1. Initial program 59.5

      \[\log \left(N + 1\right) - \log N\]
    2. Simplified59.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log_* (1 + N) - \log N}\]
    3. Taylor expanded around inf 0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{{N}^{3}} + \frac{1}{N}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{N}^{2}}}\]
    4. Simplified0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(\left(\frac{1}{N \cdot N}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{3}}{N} - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{N}\right))_*}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.0

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;N \le 12668.320172312919:\\ \;\;\;\;-\log \left(\frac{N}{N + 1}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;(\left(\frac{1}{N \cdot N}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{3}}{N} - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{N}\right))_*\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019008 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (N)
  :name "2log (problem 3.3.6)"
  (- (log (+ N 1)) (log N)))

Details

Time bar (total: 8.6s)Debug log

sample70.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify4.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

4.0ms
(- (log (+ N 1)) (log N))

prune7.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 27.4b

localize9.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

2.1b
(- (log1p N) (log N))
0.0b
(log1p N)

rewrite5.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
2 → 39
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

4.0ms
(- (log1p N) (log N))
0.0ms
(log1p N)

series99.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

77.0ms
(- (log1p N) (log N))
22.0ms
(log1p N)

simplify1.7s

Counts
31 → 45
Calls

31 calls. Slowest were:

349.0ms
(- (+ (/ 1 N) (log -1)) (+ (* 1/2 (/ 1 (pow N 2))) (log (/ -1 N))))
329.0ms
(- (+ N (* 1/3 (pow N 3))) (* 1/2 (pow N 2)))
266.0ms
(- (/ 1 N) (+ (* 1/2 (/ 1 (pow N 2))) (log (/ 1 N))))

prune324.0ms

Pruning

4 alts after pruning (4 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize18.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

2.0b
(log (/ (+ 1 N) N))
0.0b
(/ (+ 1 N) N)

rewrite7.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
2 → 33
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

5.0ms
(/ (+ 1 N) N)
2.0ms
(log (/ (+ 1 N) N))

series86.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

55.0ms
(log (/ (+ 1 N) N))
31.0ms
(/ (+ 1 N) N)

simplify551.0ms

Counts
16 → 39
Calls

16 calls. Slowest were:

236.0ms
(- (+ (* 1/3 (/ 1 (pow N 3))) (/ 1 N)) (* 1/2 (/ 1 (pow N 2))))
184.0ms
(- (+ (* 1/3 (/ 1 (pow N 3))) (/ 1 N)) (* 1/2 (/ 1 (pow N 2))))
86.0ms
(- N (+ (log N) (* 1/2 (pow N 2))))

prune258.0ms

Pruning

4 alts after pruning (4 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize11.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

2.0b
(log (/ 1 (/ N (+ 1 N))))
0.0b
(/ 1 (/ N (+ 1 N)))
0.0b
(/ N (+ 1 N))

rewrite3.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
3 → 60
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

1.0ms
(log (/ 1 (/ N (+ 1 N))))
1.0ms
(/ 1 (/ N (+ 1 N)))
0.0ms
(/ N (+ 1 N))

series66.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

34.0ms
(log (/ 1 (/ N (+ 1 N))))
20.0ms
(/ 1 (/ N (+ 1 N)))
12.0ms
(/ N (+ 1 N))

simplify891.0ms

Counts
32 → 69
Calls

32 calls. Slowest were:

189.0ms
(- (+ (* 1/3 (/ 1 (pow N 3))) (/ 1 N)) (* 1/2 (/ 1 (pow N 2))))
154.0ms
(- (+ (* 1/3 (/ 1 (pow N 3))) (/ 1 N)) (* 1/2 (/ 1 (pow N 2))))
81.0ms
(- (+ N (pow N 3)) (pow N 2))

prune460.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize6.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

2.0b
(log (/ N (+ 1 N)))
0.0b
(/ N (+ 1 N))

rewrite2.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
2 → 35
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

1.0ms
(log (/ N (+ 1 N)))
0.0ms
(/ N (+ 1 N))

series47.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

35.0ms
(log (/ N (+ 1 N)))
11.0ms
(/ N (+ 1 N))

simplify714.0ms

Counts
19 → 41
Calls

19 calls. Slowest were:

218.0ms
(- (* 1/2 (/ 1 (pow N 2))) (+ (* 1/3 (/ 1 (pow N 3))) (/ 1 N)))
211.0ms
(- (* 1/2 (/ 1 (pow N 2))) (+ (* 1/3 (/ 1 (pow N 3))) (/ 1 N)))
93.0ms
(- (+ N (pow N 3)) (pow N 2))

prune224.0ms

Pruning

4 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

regimes37.0ms

Accuracy

100% (0.0b remaining)

Error of 0.0b against oracle of 0.0b and baseline of 29.2b

bsearch37.0ms

end0.0ms

sample3.0s

Algorithm
intervals