Average Error: 31.0 → 0.0
Time: 1.1m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{x - \sin x}{x - \tan x}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -0.030550029170950743 \lor \neg \left(x \le 0.028494513597882708\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{x - \tan x} - \frac{\sin x}{x - \tan x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;(\left(\frac{9}{40} \cdot x\right) \cdot x + \left((\frac{-27}{2800} \cdot \left({x}^{4}\right) + \frac{-1}{2})_*\right))_*\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < -0.030550029170950743 or 0.028494513597882708 < x

    1. Initial program 0.0

      \[\frac{x - \sin x}{x - \tan x}\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied div-sub0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x - \tan x} - \frac{\sin x}{x - \tan x}}\]

    if -0.030550029170950743 < x < 0.028494513597882708

    1. Initial program 62.7

      \[\frac{x - \sin x}{x - \tan x}\]
    2. Taylor expanded around 0 0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{9}{40} \cdot {x}^{2} - \left(\frac{27}{2800} \cdot {x}^{4} + \frac{1}{2}\right)}\]
    3. Simplified0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(\left(\frac{9}{40} \cdot x\right) \cdot x + \left((\frac{-27}{2800} \cdot \left({x}^{4}\right) + \frac{-1}{2})_*\right))_*}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.0

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -0.030550029170950743 \lor \neg \left(x \le 0.028494513597882708\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{x - \tan x} - \frac{\sin x}{x - \tan x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;(\left(\frac{9}{40} \cdot x\right) \cdot x + \left((\frac{-27}{2800} \cdot \left({x}^{4}\right) + \frac{-1}{2})_*\right))_*\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019008 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x)
  :name "sintan (problem 3.4.5)"
  (/ (- x (sin x)) (- x (tan x))))

Details

Time bar (total: 1.1m)Debug log

sample745.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify18.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

17.0ms
(/ (- x (sin x)) (- x (tan x)))

prune11.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 33.7b

localize34.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

1.8b
(- x (sin x))
1.8b
(- x (tan x))
0.0b
(/ (- x (sin x)) (- x (tan x)))

rewrite13.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
3 → 60
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

6.0ms
(/ (- x (sin x)) (- x (tan x)))
3.0ms
(- x (sin x))
1.0ms
(- x (tan x))

series615.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

467.0ms
(- x (sin x))
95.0ms
(/ (- x (sin x)) (- x (tan x)))
53.0ms
(- x (tan x))

simplify1.4s

Counts
39 → 69
Calls

39 calls. Slowest were:

252.0ms
(- (+ 1 (+ (/ (pow (sin x) 2) (* (pow (cos x) 2) (pow x 2))) (/ (sin x) (* (cos x) x)))) (+ (/ (sin x) x) (/ (pow (sin x) 2) (* (cos x) (pow x 2)))))
223.0ms
(- (+ 1 (+ (/ (pow (sin x) 2) (* (pow (cos x) 2) (pow x 2))) (/ (sin x) (* (cos x) x)))) (+ (/ (sin x) x) (/ (pow (sin x) 2) (* (cos x) (pow x 2)))))
215.0ms
(/ (* (* (- x (sin x)) (- x (sin x))) (- x (sin x))) (* (* (- x (tan x)) (- x (tan x))) (- x (tan x))))

prune663.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize37.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

0.2b
(* 9/40 x)
0.0b
(fma -27/2800 (pow x 4) -1/2)
0.0b
(fma (* 9/40 x) x (fma -27/2800 (pow x 4) -1/2))

rewrite2.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
3 → 30
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

1.0ms
(* 9/40 x)
0.0ms
(fma -27/2800 (pow x 4) -1/2)
0.0ms
(fma (* 9/40 x) x (fma -27/2800 (pow x 4) -1/2))

series71.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

36.0ms
(fma -27/2800 (pow x 4) -1/2)
27.0ms
(fma (* 9/40 x) x (fma -27/2800 (pow x 4) -1/2))
9.0ms
(* 9/40 x)

simplify325.0ms

Counts
9 → 39
Calls

9 calls. Slowest were:

90.0ms
(- (* 9/40 (pow x 2)) (+ (* 27/2800 (pow x 4)) 1/2))
87.0ms
(- (* 9/40 (pow x 2)) (+ (* 27/2800 (pow x 4)) 1/2))
74.0ms
(- (* 9/40 (pow x 2)) (+ (* 27/2800 (pow x 4)) 1/2))

prune328.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (2 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize9.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

1.8b
(- x (tan x))
1.8b
(- x (tan x))
1.7b
(- (/ x (- x (tan x))) (/ (sin x) (- x (tan x))))
0.1b
(/ (sin x) (- x (tan x)))

rewrite15.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 175
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

8.0ms
(- (/ x (- x (tan x))) (/ (sin x) (- x (tan x))))
4.0ms
(/ (sin x) (- x (tan x)))
1.0ms
(- x (tan x))

series469.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

280.0ms
(- (/ x (- x (tan x))) (/ (sin x) (- x (tan x))))
81.0ms
(/ (sin x) (- x (tan x)))
55.0ms
(- x (tan x))
52.0ms
(- x (tan x))

simplify30.3s

Counts
239 → 187
Calls

239 calls. Slowest were:

649.0ms
(fma (/ x (- (* x x) (* (tan x) (tan x)))) (+ x (tan x)) (- (* (/ (sqrt (sin x)) (- x (tan x))) (/ (sqrt (sin x)) 1))))
494.0ms
(fma (/ x (- (* x x) (* (tan x) (tan x)))) (+ x (tan x)) (- (* (/ (sin x) (- x (tan x))) (/ 1 1))))
463.0ms
(fma (- (/ (cbrt (sin x)) (- x (tan x)))) (/ (* (cbrt (sin x)) (cbrt (sin x))) 1) (* (/ (cbrt (sin x)) (- x (tan x))) (/ (* (cbrt (sin x)) (cbrt (sin x))) 1)))

prune1.3s

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize70.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

14.4b
(/ (pow (sin x) 2) (* (cos x) (pow x 2)))
14.4b
(/ (pow (sin x) 2) (* (pow (cos x) 2) (pow x 2)))
0.2b
(pow (sin x) 2)
0.2b
(pow (sin x) 2)

rewrite16.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 120
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

7.0ms
(/ (pow (sin x) 2) (* (pow (cos x) 2) (pow x 2)))
6.0ms
(/ (pow (sin x) 2) (* (cos x) (pow x 2)))
1.0ms
(pow (sin x) 2)

series118.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

51.0ms
(/ (pow (sin x) 2) (* (pow (cos x) 2) (pow x 2)))
36.0ms
(/ (pow (sin x) 2) (* (cos x) (pow x 2)))
16.0ms
(pow (sin x) 2)
15.0ms
(pow (sin x) 2)

simplify8.4s

Counts
98 → 132
Calls

98 calls. Slowest were:

607.0ms
(- (* (log (sin x)) 2) (+ (log (pow (cos x) 2)) (log (pow x 2))))
442.0ms
(- (log (pow (sin x) 2)) (+ (* (log (cos x)) 2) (log (pow x 2))))
420.0ms
(- (log (pow (sin x) 2)) (+ (log (pow (cos x) 2)) (* (log x) 2)))

prune2.1s

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (0 fresh and 3 done)

Merged error: 0b

regimes71.0ms

Accuracy

100% (0.0b remaining)

Error of 0.0b against oracle of 0.0b and baseline of 32.1b

bsearch167.0ms

end0.0ms

sample17.8s

Algorithm
intervals