Average Error: 63.0 → 0
Time: 13.9s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\left(\left(n + 1\right) \cdot \log \left(n + 1\right) - n \cdot \log n\right) - 1\]
\[\frac{\frac{\frac{-1}{6}}{n}}{n} + \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{n} + \log n\right)\]

Error

Bits error versus n

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original63.0
Target0
Herbie0
\[\log \left(n + 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot n} - \left(\frac{1}{3 \cdot \left(n \cdot n\right)} - \frac{4}{{n}^{3}}\right)\right)\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 63.0

    \[\left(\left(n + 1\right) \cdot \log \left(n + 1\right) - n \cdot \log n\right) - 1\]
  2. Taylor expanded around inf 0.0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{n}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{1}{{n}^{2}} + \log \left(\frac{1}{n}\right)\right)\right)} - 1\]
  3. Simplified0.0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + \log n\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{n} - \frac{\frac{1}{6}}{n \cdot n}\right)\right)} - 1\]
  4. Taylor expanded around 0 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log n + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{n}\right) - \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{1}{{n}^{2}}}\]
  5. Simplified0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{-1}{6}}{n}}{n} + \left(\log n + \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{n}\right)}\]
  6. Final simplification0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{-1}{6}}{n}}{n} + \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{n} + \log n\right)\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019008 
(FPCore (n)
  :name "logs (example 3.8)"
  :pre (> n 6.8e+15)

  :herbie-target
  (- (log (+ n 1)) (- (/ 1 (* 2 n)) (- (/ 1 (* 3 (* n n))) (/ 4 (pow n 3)))))

  (- (- (* (+ n 1) (log (+ n 1))) (* n (log n))) 1))

Details

Time bar (total: 13.6s)Debug log

sample227.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify200.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

200.0ms
(- (- (* (+ n 1) (log (+ n 1))) (* n (log n))) 1)

prune10.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 63.0b

localize41.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

5.3b
(- (* (+ n 1) (log (+ n 1))) (* n (log n)))
0.2b
(* (+ n 1) (log (+ n 1)))
0.2b
(* n (log n))

rewrite32.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
3 → 55
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

14.0ms
(* (+ n 1) (log (+ n 1)))
14.0ms
(- (* (+ n 1) (log (+ n 1))) (* n (log n)))
2.0ms
(* n (log n))

series396.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

211.0ms
(* n (log n))
151.0ms
(- (* (+ n 1) (log (+ n 1))) (* n (log n)))
34.0ms
(* (+ n 1) (log (+ n 1)))

simplify4.2s

Counts
36 → 64
Calls

36 calls. Slowest were:

734.0ms
(- (+ 1 (* 1/2 (/ 1 n))) (+ (* n (log (/ 1 n))) (log (/ 1 n))))
577.0ms
(- (+ (* n (log -1)) (+ 1 (+ (log -1) (* 1/2 (/ 1 n))))) (+ (* n (log (/ -1 n))) (log (/ -1 n))))
470.0ms
(- (+ 1 (* 1/2 (/ 1 n))) (+ (* 1/6 (/ 1 (pow n 2))) (log (/ 1 n))))

prune561.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize23.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

0.6b
(/ 1/6 (* n n))
0.0b
(- (+ (+ 1 (log n)) (- (/ 1/2 n) (/ 1/6 (* n n)))) 1)

rewrite112.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
2 → 25
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

111.0ms
(- (+ (+ 1 (log n)) (- (/ 1/2 n) (/ 1/6 (* n n)))) 1)
0.0ms
(/ 1/6 (* n n))

series31.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

20.0ms
(- (+ (+ 1 (log n)) (- (/ 1/2 n) (/ 1/6 (* n n)))) 1)
11.0ms
(/ 1/6 (* n n))

simplify694.0ms

Counts
9 → 31
Calls

9 calls. Slowest were:

288.0ms
(- (+ (log -1) (* 1/2 (/ 1 n))) (+ (* 1/6 (/ 1 (pow n 2))) (log (/ -1 n))))
134.0ms
(+ (sqrt (+ (+ 1 (log n)) (- (/ 1/2 n) (/ 1/6 (* n n))))) 1)
133.0ms
(- (* 1/2 (/ 1 n)) (+ (* 1/6 (/ 1 (pow n 2))) (log (/ 1 n))))

prune316.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize21.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

0.3b
(/ -1/6 n)
0.1b
(/ (/ -1/6 n) n)

rewrite6.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
2 → 25
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

5.0ms
(/ (/ -1/6 n) n)
0.0ms
(/ -1/6 n)

series31.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

19.0ms
(/ (/ -1/6 n) n)
12.0ms
(/ -1/6 n)

simplify31.0ms

Counts
8 → 31
Calls

8 calls. Slowest were:

6.0ms
(/ -1/6 (pow n 2))
6.0ms
(/ -1/6 (pow n 2))
6.0ms
(/ -1/6 (pow n 2))

prune247.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (0 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0b

end0.0ms

sample6.5s

Algorithm
intervals