Average Error: 39.8 → 1.0
Time: 18.1s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -927650147542.7433:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\varepsilon \le 4.821012023305857 \cdot 10^{-05}:\\ \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \left(\cos x + \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Derivation

  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if eps < -927650147542.7433

    1. Initial program 30.4

      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied cos-sum0.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x\]

    if -927650147542.7433 < eps < 4.821012023305857e-05

    1. Initial program 48.6

      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied diff-cos37.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) + x}{2}\right)\right)}\]
    4. Simplified1.1

      \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)}\]

    if 4.821012023305857e-05 < eps

    1. Initial program 31.3

      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied cos-sum0.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x\]
    4. Applied associate--l-0.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos x\right)}\]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification1.0

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -927650147542.7433:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\varepsilon \le 4.821012023305857 \cdot 10^{-05}:\\ \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \left(\cos x + \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019008 
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2cos (problem 3.3.5)"
  (- (cos (+ x eps)) (cos x)))

Details

Time bar (total: 16.5s)Debug log

sample308.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify7.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

7.0ms
(- (cos (+ x eps)) (cos x))

prune10.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 40.9b

localize27.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

4.3b
(cos (+ x eps))
1.2b
(- (cos (+ x eps)) (cos x))

rewrite12.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
2 → 24
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

9.0ms
(- (cos (+ x eps)) (cos x))
3.0ms
(cos (+ x eps))

series118.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

97.0ms
(- (cos (+ x eps)) (cos x))
21.0ms
(cos (+ x eps))

simplify472.0ms

Counts
13 → 30
Calls

13 calls. Slowest were:

262.0ms
(- (* 1/6 (* (pow x 3) eps)) (+ (* 1/2 (pow eps 2)) (* x eps)))
102.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* x eps) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
38.0ms
(* (sin (/ (- (+ x eps) x) 2)) (sin (/ (+ (+ x eps) x) 2)))

prune290.0ms

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (8 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.3b

localize50.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

4.3b
(sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.3b
(* (sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))

rewrite27.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
2 → 25
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

17.0ms
(* (sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))
9.0ms
(sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

series105.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

84.0ms
(* (sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))
21.0ms
(sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify514.0ms

Counts
15 → 31
Calls

15 calls. Slowest were:

227.0ms
(- (+ (* 1/4 (pow eps 2)) (* 1/2 (* x eps))) (* 1/12 (* (pow x 3) eps)))
101.0ms
(* (* (* (sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (* (* (sin (/ eps 2)) (sin (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))
60.0ms
(- (+ x (* 1/2 eps)) (* 1/6 (pow x 3)))

prune400.0ms

Pruning

11 alts after pruning (10 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0.3b

localize14.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

4.3b
(sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.6b
(cbrt (sin (/ eps 2)))
0.6b
(cbrt (sin (/ eps 2)))
0.6b
(cbrt (sin (/ eps 2)))

rewrite11.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 40
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

5.0ms
(sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
3.0ms
(cbrt (sin (/ eps 2)))
1.0ms
(cbrt (sin (/ eps 2)))

series462.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

175.0ms
(cbrt (sin (/ eps 2)))
139.0ms
(cbrt (sin (/ eps 2)))
122.0ms
(cbrt (sin (/ eps 2)))
26.0ms
(sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify1.1s

Counts
21 → 52
Calls

21 calls. Slowest were:

355.0ms
(- (exp (* 1/3 (+ (log 1/2) (log eps)))) (+ (* 1/51840 (* (exp (* 1/3 (+ (log 1/2) (log eps)))) (pow eps 4))) (* 1/72 (* (exp (* 1/3 (+ (log 1/2) (log eps)))) (pow eps 2)))))
327.0ms
(- (exp (* 1/3 (+ (log 1/2) (log eps)))) (+ (* 1/51840 (* (exp (* 1/3 (+ (log 1/2) (log eps)))) (pow eps 4))) (* 1/72 (* (exp (* 1/3 (+ (log 1/2) (log eps)))) (pow eps 2)))))
318.0ms
(- (exp (* 1/3 (+ (log 1/2) (log eps)))) (+ (* 1/51840 (* (exp (* 1/3 (+ (log 1/2) (log eps)))) (pow eps 4))) (* 1/72 (* (exp (* 1/3 (+ (log 1/2) (log eps)))) (pow eps 2)))))

prune710.0ms

Pruning

12 alts after pruning (11 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0.2b

localize24.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

5.4b
(cbrt (* (sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2))))
5.4b
(cbrt (* (sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2))))
5.4b
(cbrt (* (sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2))))
4.3b
(sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

rewrite18.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 37
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

5.0ms
(cbrt (* (sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2))))
5.0ms
(sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
4.0ms
(cbrt (* (sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2))))

series520.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

182.0ms
(cbrt (* (sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2))))
153.0ms
(cbrt (* (sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2))))
150.0ms
(cbrt (* (sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2))))
35.0ms
(sin (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify1.2s

Counts
18 → 49
Calls

18 calls. Slowest were:

346.0ms
(- (+ (exp (* 1/3 (+ (* 2 (log eps)) (log 1/4)))) (* 1/3 (* x (exp (* 1/3 (- (log 2) (log eps))))))) (* 13/162 (* (pow x 2) (exp (* 1/3 (+ (* 2 (log eps)) (log 1/4)))))))
283.0ms
(- (+ (exp (* 1/3 (+ (* 2 (log eps)) (log 1/4)))) (* 1/3 (* x (exp (* 1/3 (- (log 2) (log eps))))))) (* 13/162 (* (pow x 2) (exp (* 1/3 (+ (* 2 (log eps)) (log 1/4)))))))
279.0ms
(- (+ (exp (* 1/3 (+ (* 2 (log eps)) (log 1/4)))) (* 1/3 (* x (exp (* 1/3 (- (log 2) (log eps))))))) (* 13/162 (* (pow x 2) (exp (* 1/3 (+ (* 2 (log eps)) (log 1/4)))))))

prune704.0ms

Pruning

13 alts after pruning (12 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0.2b

regimes232.0ms

Accuracy

96.1% (0.6b remaining)

Error of 1.0b against oracle of 0.4b and baseline of 15.5b

bsearch232.0ms

end0.0ms

sample8.8s

Algorithm
intervals