Average Error: 34.2 → 10.3
Time: 18.1s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \le -4.21731702933355 \cdot 10^{+148}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \le 1.2612246360442721 \cdot 10^{-22}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + \left(-b\right)}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-\frac{c}{b}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Bits error versus c

Derivation

  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if b < -4.21731702933355e+148

    1. Initial program 58.9

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    2. Taylor expanded around inf 58.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    3. Simplified58.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    4. Taylor expanded around -inf 2.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}}\]

    if -4.21731702933355e+148 < b < 1.2612246360442721e-22

    1. Initial program 14.8

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    2. Taylor expanded around inf 14.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    3. Simplified14.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}}{2 \cdot a}\]

    if 1.2612246360442721e-22 < b

    1. Initial program 54.5

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    2. Taylor expanded around inf 54.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    3. Simplified54.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    4. Taylor expanded around inf 6.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}}\]
    5. Simplified6.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-c}{b}}\]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification10.3

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \le -4.21731702933355 \cdot 10^{+148}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \le 1.2612246360442721 \cdot 10^{-22}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + \left(-b\right)}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-\frac{c}{b}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019007 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "Quadratic roots, full range"
  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)))

Details

Time bar (total: 17.1s)Debug log

sample117.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify101.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

101.0ms
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a))

prune14.0ms

Pruning

2 alts after pruning (2 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 34.1b

localize23.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

24.1b
(sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))
1.5b
(+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c))))
1.2b
(- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c))
0.1b
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a))

rewrite36.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 77
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

23.0ms
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a))
6.0ms
(+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c))))
3.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))

series250.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

74.0ms
(+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c))))
67.0ms
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a))
65.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))
43.0ms
(- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c))

simplify2.6s

Counts
40 → 89
Calls

40 calls. Slowest were:

385.0ms
(sqrt (- (pow (* b b) 3) (pow (* (* 4 a) c) 3)))
327.0ms
(- (* (- b) (- b)) (* (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c))) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))))
211.0ms
(sqrt (- (* (* b b) (* b b)) (* (* (* 4 a) c) (* (* 4 a) c))))

prune1.1s

Pruning

9 alts after pruning (9 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 6.1b

localize19.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

24.1b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
1.5b
(+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))
0.1b
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* 2 a))
0.0b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

rewrite26.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 69
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

19.0ms
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* 2 a))
4.0ms
(+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))
1.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series221.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

68.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
66.0ms
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* 2 a))
56.0ms
(+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))
31.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify1.3s

Counts
35 → 81
Calls

35 calls. Slowest were:

291.0ms
(- (* (- b) (- b)) (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))))
165.0ms
(+ (pow (- b) 3) (pow (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) 3))
161.0ms
(/ (* (* (+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))) (+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))) (* (* (* 2 a) (* 2 a)) (* 2 a)))

prune1.0s

Pruning

10 alts after pruning (9 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 6.1b

localize6.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

24.1b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
1.5b
(+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))
0.1b
(/ 1 (/ (* 2 a) (+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))))
0.1b
(/ (* 2 a) (+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))))

rewrite24.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 85
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

15.0ms
(/ (* 2 a) (+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))))
4.0ms
(+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))
4.0ms
(/ 1 (/ (* 2 a) (+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))))

series325.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

127.0ms
(/ (* 2 a) (+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))))
104.0ms
(/ 1 (/ (* 2 a) (+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))))
50.0ms
(+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))
44.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

simplify2.0s

Counts
48 → 97
Calls

48 calls. Slowest were:

506.0ms
(+ (* (- b) (- b)) (- (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))))
505.0ms
(+ (* (- b) (- b)) (- (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))))
129.0ms
(/ (* (* (* 2 a) (* 2 a)) (* 2 a)) (* (* (+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))) (+ (- b) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))))

prune1.1s

Pruning

10 alts after pruning (9 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 6.1b

localize24.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

24.1b
(sqrt (fma -4 (* c a) (* b b)))
1.5b
(- (sqrt (fma -4 (* c a) (* b b))) b)
1.2b
(fma -4 (* c a) (* b b))
0.1b
(/ 1 (* 2 (/ a (- (sqrt (fma -4 (* c a) (* b b))) b))))

rewrite8.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 60
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

5.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma -4 (* c a) (* b b))) b)
1.0ms
(/ 1 (* 2 (/ a (- (sqrt (fma -4 (* c a) (* b b))) b))))
1.0ms
(sqrt (fma -4 (* c a) (* b b)))

series243.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

83.0ms
(/ 1 (* 2 (/ a (- (sqrt (fma -4 (* c a) (* b b))) b))))
70.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma -4 (* c a) (* b b))) b)
60.0ms
(sqrt (fma -4 (* c a) (* b b)))
29.0ms
(fma -4 (* c a) (* b b))

simplify261.0ms

Counts
24 → 72
Calls

24 calls. Slowest were:

42.0ms
(- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))
41.0ms
(- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))
24.0ms
(- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))

prune771.0ms

Pruning

10 alts after pruning (8 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 6.1b

regimes381.0ms

Accuracy

83.3% (4.8b remaining)

Error of 10.3b against oracle of 5.5b and baseline of 34.2b

bsearch288.0ms

end0.0ms

sample4.8s

Algorithm
intervals