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Target

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if x < -1.072687741282904

   1. Initial program 61.8

      \[\log \left(x + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)\]

   2. Simplified61.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + \sqrt{1^2 + x^2}^*\right)}\]

   3. Taylor expanded around -inf 0.1

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{8} \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{3}} - \left(\frac{1}{16} \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{5}} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right)\right)}\]

   4. Simplified0.1

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{x} + \left(\frac{\frac{-1}{16}}{{x}^{5}} + \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{8}}{x}}{x \cdot x}\right)\right)}\]

   if -1.072687741282904 < x < 0.00772616579663237

   1. Initial program 58.5

      \[\log \left(x + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)\]

   2. Simplified58.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + \sqrt{1^2 + x^2}^*\right)}\]

   3. Taylor expanded around 0 0.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x + \frac{3}{40} \cdot {x}^{5}\right) - \frac{1}{6} \cdot {x}^{3}}\]
   4. Using strategy rm

   5. Applied associate--l+0.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + \left(\frac{3}{40} \cdot {x}^{5} - \frac{1}{6} \cdot {x}^{3}\right)}\]

   if 0.00772616579663237 < x

   1. Initial program 32.0

      \[\log \left(x + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)\]

   2. Simplified0.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + \sqrt{1^2 + x^2}^*\right)}\]
   3. Using strategy rm

   4. Applied expm1-log1p-u0.1

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left((e^{\log_* (1 + \left(x + \sqrt{1^2 + x^2}^*\right))} - 1)^*\right)}\]
   5. Using strategy rm

   6. Applied add-exp-log0.1

      \[\leadsto \log \left((e^{\log_* (1 + \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(x + \sqrt{1^2 + x^2}^*\right)}})} - 1)^*\right)\]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification0.1

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -1.072687741282904:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{x} + \left(\frac{\frac{\frac{1}{8}}{x}}{x \cdot x} + \frac{\frac{-1}{16}}{{x}^{5}}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \le 0.00772616579663237:\\ \;\;\;\;\left({x}^{5} \cdot \frac{3}{40} - {x}^{3} \cdot \frac{1}{6}\right) + x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left((e^{\log_* (1 + e^{\log \left(\sqrt{1^2 + x^2}^* + x\right)})} - 1)^*\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019007 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x)
  :name "Hyperbolic arcsine"

  :herbie-target
  (if (< x 0) (log (/ -1 (- x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1))))) (log (+ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1)))))

  (log (+ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1)))))

Details

Time bar (total: 12.8s)Debug log