Average Error: 37.1 → 0.4
Time: 18.3s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -9.009528554123312 \cdot 10^{-09} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \le 7.127013155980482 \cdot 10^{-09}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot (e^{\log_* (1 + \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right))} - 1)^*\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original37.1
Target15.1
Herbie0.4
\[2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(x + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if eps < -9.009528554123312e-09 or 7.127013155980482e-09 < eps

    1. Initial program 29.9

      \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied sin-sum0.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \sin x\]

    if -9.009528554123312e-09 < eps < 7.127013155980482e-09

    1. Initial program 44.6

      \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied diff-sin44.6

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) + x}{2}\right)\right)}\]
    4. Simplified0.3

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)}\]
    5. Using strategy rm
    6. Applied expm1-log1p-u0.3

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{(e^{\log_* (1 + \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right))} - 1)^*} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.4

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -9.009528554123312 \cdot 10^{-09} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \le 7.127013155980482 \cdot 10^{-09}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot (e^{\log_* (1 + \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right))} - 1)^*\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019007 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2sin (example 3.3)"

  :herbie-target
  (* 2 (* (cos (+ x (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))

  (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))

Details

Time bar (total: 17.0s)Debug log

sample248.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify8.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

8.0ms
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))

prune10.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 36.1b

localize56.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

4.5b
(sin (+ x eps))
1.2b
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))

rewrite10.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
2 → 40
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

7.0ms
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))
2.0ms
(sin (+ x eps))

series71.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

45.0ms
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))
27.0ms
(sin (+ x eps))

simplify858.0ms

Counts
33 → 46
Calls

33 calls. Slowest were:

419.0ms
(- eps (+ (* 1/2 (* x (pow eps 2))) (* 1/2 (* (pow x 2) eps))))
50.0ms
(- (+ x eps) (* 1/6 (pow x 3)))
37.0ms
(* (sin (/ (- (+ x eps) x) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x eps) x) 2)))

prune356.0ms

Pruning

4 alts after pruning (4 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.3b

localize26.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

4.4b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.3b
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))
0.2b
(/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)

rewrite33.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
3 → 45
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

12.0ms
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))
11.0ms
(/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)
9.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

series116.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

77.0ms
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))
20.0ms
(/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)
18.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify1.1s

Counts
21 → 54
Calls

21 calls. Slowest were:

347.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
265.0ms
(- (* (+ x x) (+ x x)) (* eps eps))
136.0ms
(- (* 1/2 eps) (+ (* 1/4 (* x (pow eps 2))) (* 1/4 (* (pow x 2) eps))))

prune579.0ms

Pruning

10 alts after pruning (10 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.2b

localize12.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

4.4b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.5b
(log1p (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))
0.3b
(* (expm1 (log1p (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))) (sin (/ eps 2)))
0.2b
(expm1 (log1p (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))

rewrite11.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 50
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

5.0ms
(* (expm1 (log1p (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))) (sin (/ eps 2)))
5.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.0ms
(log1p (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))

series217.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

92.0ms
(* (expm1 (log1p (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))) (sin (/ eps 2)))
54.0ms
(log1p (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))
53.0ms
(expm1 (log1p (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))
18.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify1.5s

Counts
22 → 62
Calls

22 calls. Slowest were:

388.0ms
(- (log 2) (+ (* 1/4 (* x eps)) (* 1/4 (pow x 2))))
365.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
307.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))

prune789.0ms

Pruning

11 alts after pruning (10 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0.2b

localize15.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

4.4b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.5b
(expm1 (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))
0.3b
(* (log1p (expm1 (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))) (sin (/ eps 2)))
0.2b
(log1p (expm1 (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))

rewrite13.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 50
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

7.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
5.0ms
(* (log1p (expm1 (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))) (sin (/ eps 2)))
0.0ms
(expm1 (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))

series273.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

121.0ms
(* (log1p (expm1 (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))) (sin (/ eps 2)))
77.0ms
(log1p (expm1 (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))
58.0ms
(expm1 (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)))
17.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify1.2s

Counts
22 → 62
Calls

22 calls. Slowest were:

278.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
254.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
126.0ms
(- E (+ (* 1/2 (* x (* E eps))) (+ (* 1/2 (* (pow x 2) E)) 1)))

prune669.0ms

Pruning

11 alts after pruning (9 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0.2b

regimes215.0ms

Accuracy

99.3% (0.1b remaining)

Error of 0.4b against oracle of 0.3b and baseline of 15.1b

bsearch276.0ms

end0.0ms

sample8.4s

Algorithm
intervals